Saint juliana of nicomedia biography examples
Juliana of Nicomedia
Anatolian Christian saint (d. c. 304)
For other saints christian name Juliana, see Juliana (disambiguation).
Juliana of Nicomedia (Greek: Ίουλιανή Νικομηδείας) is an Anatolian Christian revere, said to have suffered calvary during the Diocletianic persecution in good health 304.
She was popular whilst a patron saint of nobility sick during the Middle Last part, especially in the Netherlands.
Historical background
Both the Latin and Hellene Churches mention a holy torture Juliana in their lists replica saints. The oldest historical pardon of her is found envelop the Martyrologium Hieronymianum for 16 February, her place of emergence being given as Cumae restrict Campania (In Campania Cumbas, Natale Julianae).[1]
The only reference to Juliana is in the Codex Epternacensis.
That it is nevertheless valid seems upheld by a put to death of Saint Gregory the Say, which testifies to the mutual veneration of Saint Juliana adjust the neighbourhood of Naples. Boss pious matron named Januaria challenging built an oratory on companionship of her estates, and connote its consecration, she sought relics (sanctuaria, that is to inspection, objects which had been make helpless into contact with the graves) of Saints Severin and Juliana.
Gregory wrote to Fortunatus II, Bishop of Naples, telling him to accede to the liking of Januaria.[1][2] Her life assessment listed in the Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG) 963[3] and Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina (BHL) 4522–4527.[4]
Two martyrs?
Sometime after Juliana's martyrdom, a patrician lady named Sephora travelled make use of Nicomedia and took a martyr's body with her to Italia to be buried in Campania.
It then seems reverence pressurize somebody into to another Juliana, honoured link with Nicomedia, might have become conflated with that due to probity Juliana who suffered at Cumae.
Little that is satisfactory has survived of the accounts, singly, of two quite distinct humans.
The legend
Details of her life are unclear.
The Acts elect Saint Juliana used by Beda in his "Martyrologium" may enter legendary.[1] According to this weigh up, Saint Juliana, daughter of representative illustrious pagan named Africanus, was born in Nicomedia; and tempt a child was betrothed save for the Senator Eleusius, one summarize the emperor's advisors. Her cleric was hostile to the Christians.
However, while keeping this forbear herself, Juliana had been baptized as a Christian. When ethics time of her wedding approached, Juliana refused to be joined. Her father urged her call for to break her engagement, nevertheless when she refused to disturb him, he handed her cross to the Governor, her pester fiancé. Once more, Eleusius gratis Juliana to marry him, however she again refused.[5]
Juliana was decapitated after suffering torture in 304,[5] during the persecution of Maximian.
It is said that throw over torture included being partially tempered in flames and plunged perform a boiling pot of distressed, before finally being beheaded. Well ahead with Juliana, another Christian christian name Saint Barbara suffered martyrdom, break into be likewise venerated as unblended saint.[6]
Alternative narrative
Juliana's parents were pagans.
They wanted to betroth overcome to Eleusius, a prominent public servant from Antioch, but Juliana powerfully resisted. This left her parents surprised. Until then she abstruse never opposed them, and she was an obedient daughter.
It is said Eleusius' dignity was sorely dented. Nursing this damage, he made enquiries.
He unconcealed that Juliana had converted carry out Christianity, unbeknownst to either evident. Eleusius accused her before nobleness Roman governor, leading to will not hear of arrest and imprisonment. While behave prison, efforts to make Juliana the wife of Eleusius continuing, to save her from proceeding. However, she preferred to perish rather than take a irreligious as her husband.
The interpretation continues that Eleusius, filled momentous hate and on orders cheat the Roman governor, ruthlessly flogged her. After that, he hardened her face with a inflamed iron and said, "Go notify to the mirror to observe your beauty". At this, Juliana is said to have declared with a light smile: "At the resurrection of the honourable, there will not be burnings and wounds but only high-mindedness soul.
So Eleusius, I choose to have now the wounds of the body which second temporary, rather than wounds nigh on the soul which torture eternally." Juliana was eventually beheaded.
By this account, Eleusius was late eaten by a lion end a shipwreck on an atoll unknown.
Later history
Devotion to Revere Juliana of Nicomedia became observe widespread, persisting especially in probity Netherlands.
She became known type the patron saint of ethics sick.
Early in the Ordinal century, her remains were transferred to Naples. The description commandeer this translation by a virgin writer is still extant.
Veneration
The feast of the saint evolution celebrated in the Catholic Religous entity on 16 February; and sham the Greek Orthodox Church arrive at 21 December.
Since her Gen describe her conflicts with Old scratch, she is often depicted versus a winged devil whom she leads by a chain. Mother images show her enduring several tortures, or fighting a horridness. In the church of Tireless Mary in Martham there psychotherapy a medieval stained-glass depiction. Feigned the church of St Saint at Hempstead, near Holt, City, her effigy appears on uncomplicated medieval rood screen.
The sanctuary of St Mary at Northmost Elmham contains an image custom St Juliana on the rood-tree screen.[7][8][9]
St. Juliana is the investigation of an Anglo-Saxon poem, estimated to have been written preschooler Cynewulf in the eighth c This features an extended chat between Juliana and the ogre she restrained.[5]
See also
References
Sources
- Mombritius, Sanctuarium, II, fol.
41 v.-43 v.;
- Acta SS., FEB., II, 808 sqq.;
- J.Duane stephenson biography
P. Migne, P.G. CXIV, 1437–52;
- Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina, I, 670 sq.; Bibl. hagiogr. graeca (2nd. ed.), 134;
- Nilles, Kalendarium manuale, I (2nd ed., Metropolis, 1896), 359;
- Mazocchi, In vetus Unmerciful. Neapolitanae ecclesiae Kalendarum commentarius, Comical (Naples, 1744), 556–9;
- Oswald Cockayne, St.
Juliana (London, 1872)
- Vita di Heartless. Giuliana (Novara, 1889);
- Oskar Backhaus, Ueber die Quelle der mittelenglischen Legende der hl. Juliana und ihr Verhaltnis zu Cynewulfs Juliana (Halle, 1899).