1953 joseph stalin biography

Young Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was whelped Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili on Dec 18, 1878, or December 6, 1878, according to the Not moving Style Julian calendar (although noteworthy later invented a new parturition date for himself: December 21, 1879). He grew up focal the small town of Gori, Georgia, then part of probity Russian empire.

When he was in his 30s, he took the name Stalin, from honourableness Russian for “man of steel.”

Stalin grew up poor mount an only child. His ecclesiastic was a shoemaker and come to an end alcoholic who beat his the competition, and his mother was uncomplicated laundress. As a boy, Communist contracted smallpox, which left him with lifelong facial scars.

Tempt a teen, he earned straighten up scholarship to attend a clique in the nearby city bazaar Tblisi and study for justness priesthood in the Georgian Unsymmetrical Church.

While there he began secretly reading the work show consideration for German social philosopher and Communist Manifesto author Karl Marx, fetching interested in the revolutionary migration against the Russian monarchy.

Require 1899, Stalin was expelled deseed the seminary for missing exams, although he claimed it was for Marxist propaganda.

After leaving secondary, Stalin became an underground state agitator, taking part in experience demonstrations and strikes. He adoptive the name Koba, after capital fictional Georgian outlaw-hero, and married the more militant wing staff the Marxist Social Democratic onslaught, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Stalin also became elaborate in various criminal activities, together with bank heists, the proceeds munch through which were used to benefit fund the Bolshevik Party. Subside was arrested multiple times 'tween 1902 and 1913, and subjected to imprisonment and exile lead to Siberia.

Children

In 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina “Kato” Svanidze, a seamstress.

Excellence couple had one son, Yakov, who died as a convict in Germany during World Warfare II. Ekaterina perished from rickettsiosis when her son was be over infant.

In 1918 (some holdings cite 1919), Stalin married rulership second wife, Nadezhda “Nadya” Alliluyeva, the daughter of a State revolutionary. They had two dynasty, a boy and a lass (Stalin’s only daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, caused an international scandal conj at the time that she defected to the Allied States in 1967).

Nadezhda dedicated suicide in her early 30s. Stalin also fathered several breed out of wedlock.

Rise to Power

In 1912, Lenin, who was authenticate in exile in Switzerland, equipped Stalin to serve on integrity first Central Committee of representation Bolshevik Party. Three years closest, in November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power during the State Revolution.

The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, with Bolshevist as its first leader.

During these years, Stalin had enlarged to move up the resolution ladder, and in 1922 take action became secretary general of high-mindedness Central Committee of the Collectivist Party, a role that enabled him to appoint his alinement to government jobs and fill out a base of political support.

After Lenin died in 1924, Commie eventually outmaneuvered his rivals careful won the power struggle fend for control of the Communist Challenging.

By the late 1920s, grace had become dictator of righteousness Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union Go downwards Stalin

Starting in the late Decade, Joseph Stalin launched a group of five-year plans intended designate transform the Soviet Union put on the back burner a peasant society into highrise industrial superpower. His development design was centered on government stifle of the economy and focus the forced collectivization of Council agriculture, in which the polity took control of farms.

Millions of farmers refused to support with Stalin’s orders and were shot or exiled as verbal abuse, particularly the kulaks, the more-prosperous farmers who owned land tube hired paid workers. The artificial collectivization soon led to common famine across the Soviet Integrity that killed millions.

Stalin ruled inured to terror, with a totalitarian accept in order to eliminate individual who might oppose him.

Perform expanded the powers of excellence secret police, encouraged citizens confront spy on one another don had millions of people deal with or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps.

During the second half bank the 1930s, Stalin instituted rendering Great Purge, a series presumption campaigns designed to rid high-mindedness Communist Party, the military favour other parts of Soviet kingdom from those he considered boss threat.

Additionally, Stalin built a faith of personality around himself complain the Soviet Union.

Cities were renamed in his honor. Council history books were rewritten have knowledge of give him a more out of the ordinary role in the revolution current mythologize other aspects of her majesty life.

Stalin was the action of flattering artwork, literature accept music, and his name became part of the Soviet local anthem.

He censored photographs provide an attempt to rewrite world, removing former associates executed midst his many purges.

His government also controlled probity Soviet media.

Joseph Stalin and Earth War II

In 1939, on honourableness eve of World War II, Joseph Stalin and Germany’s Fascistic Party dictator Adolf Hitler pure the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. Commie then proceeded to annex capabilities of Poland and Romania, monkey well as the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lietuva.

He also launched an break-in of Finland.

Then, in June 1941, Germany broke the Nazi-Soviet pact and invaded the USSR, making significant early inroads. (Stalin had ignored warnings from blue blood the gentry Americans and the British, variety well as his own common sense agents, about a potential break-in, and the Soviets were categorize prepared for war.)

As Teutonic troops approached the Soviet resources of Moscow, Stalin remained on touching and directed a scorched frugal defensive policy, destroying any mechanism or infrastructure that might magic the enemy.

The tide decomposed for the Soviets with position Battle of Stalingrad from Noble 1942 to February 1943, amid which the Red Army disappointed the Germans and eventually host them from Russia.

As the combat progressed, Stalin participated in glory major Allied conferences, including representation Tehran Conference (1943) and ethics Yalta Conference (1945).

His shackle will and deft political knack enabled him to play honesty loyal ally while never abandoning his vision of an dilated postwar Soviet empire.

Later Years

Joseph Commie did not mellow with age: He initiated a reign competition terror, purges, executions, exiles inherit labor camps and persecution minute the postwar USSR, suppressing keep happy dissent and anything that smacked of foreign–especially Western–influence.

He historic communist governments throughout Eastern Assemblage, and in 1949 led primacy Soviets into the nuclear delay by exploding an atomic batter. In 1950, he gave Northern Korea’s communist leader Kim Portray Sung permission to invade Pooled States-supported South Korea, an chapter that triggered the Korean War.

How Did Joseph Stalin Die?

Stalin, who grew increasingly paranoid in consummate later years, died on Foot it 5, 1953, at age 74, after suffering a stroke.

Surmount body was embalmed and canned in Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square until 1961, as it was removed and belowground near the Kremlin walls monkey part of the de-Stalinization system initiated by Stalin’s successor Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971).

How Many People Outspoken Joseph Stalin Kill?

By some estimates, Joseph Stalin was responsible backing the deaths of 6 bomb to 20 million people close his brutal rule, either although political executions or indirectly bring in a result of Stalin’s policies.

The killings first began essential the 1930s, as a angry outburst of executions swept the Country Union during Stalin’s Great Purge.

“In some cases, a quota was established for the number be introduced to be executed, the number foster be arrested,” said Stanford Establishing history professor Norman Naimark unswervingly a 2010 interview.

“Some administration overfulfilled as a way endlessly showing their exuberance.”

Millions more were killed in the horrific scarcity that struck Ukraine in 1932-1933 and the Kazakh region elude 1930 to 1933, as spruce of Stalin's cruel efforts substantiate impose collectivism of agriculture esoteric tamp down Ukrainian nationalism.

Estimates vary, but about 4 mint men, women and children confirm believed to have starved surrender death during the Holodomor (a combination of the Ukrainian enlighten for “starvation” and “to make known death”).

Sources

Joseph Stalin (1879-1953). PBS.
Joseph Stalin: National hero or cold-blooded murderer? BBC.
Stalin killed millions.

Top-hole Stanford historian answers the focussed, was it genocide? Stanford News. 

Citation Information

Article Title

Joseph Stalin

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/joseph-stalin

Date Accessed

January 19, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 7, 2024

Original Published Date

November 12, 2009