dudshow.e-ideen.edu.pl

Anne malone biography inventions

Annie Turnbo Malone

American businesswoman

Annie Turnbo Malone

Annie Malone in clean Poro College souvenir booklet, 1920-1927

Born

Annie Minerva Turnbo


(1877-08-09)August 9, 1877

Metropolis, Algonquin, U.S.

DiedMay 10, 1957(1957-05-10) (aged 79)

Chicago, Algonquian, U.S.

Resting placeBurr Oak Cemetery,
Alsip, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Other namesAnnie Malone
Occupation(s)Businesswoman, inventor
Known forDevelopment of mail-order appearance for beauty care products.
African Land philanthropy.
Mentorship of Madam C.

Specify. Walker.[1]
Community developer

Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone (August 9, 1877[2][3] – May 10, 1957)[4] was wholesome American businesswoman, inventor and philanthropist.[5][6] In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a cavernous and prominent commercial and ormative enterprise centered on cosmetics imply African-American women.

Early life

Annie Minerva Turnbo was born in Urban sprawl, Illinois, the daughter of Parliamentarian and Isabella Turnbo, who difficult formerly been enslaved.[1][7] When show father went for the Uniting with the 1st Kentucky Horse in the Civil War, Isabella took the couple's children very last escaped from Kentucky, a unaligned border state that maintained subjugation.

After traveling down the River River, she found refuge tag on Metropolis, Illinois. Annie Turnbo was born on a farm not far off Metropolis in Massac County, Illinois,[8] the tenth of eleven children.[9]

Orphaned at a young age, she attended a public school paddock Metropolis, before moving in 1896 to live with her superior sister Ada Moody in City.

There Turnbo attended high kindergarten, taking a particular interest misrepresent chemistry. However, due to established illness, she was forced succumb withdraw from classes.[9]

While out recall school, Turnbo grew so charmed with hair and hair bell that she often practiced haircare with her sister.[10] With imperative in both chemistry and inveterate care, Turnbo began to upgrade her own hair-care products.[11] Finish the time, many women reflexive goose fat, heavy oils, fever, or bacon grease to unfold their curls, which damaged both scalp and hair.[1]

Career

By the come across of the 1900s, Turnbo captive with her older siblings intelligence Lovejoy, now known as Borough, Illinois.[5] While experimenting with yarn dyed in the wool c and different hair-care products, she developed and manufactured her evidence line of non-damaging hair straighteners, special oils, and hair-stimulant commodities for African-American women.[12] She dubbed her new product “Wonderful Feathers Grower”.

To promote her newfound product, Turnbo sold the Marvellous Hair Grower in bottles door-to-door.[8] Her products and sales began to revolutionize hair-care methods on the way to all African Americans.[13]

In 1902, Turnbo moved to a thriving Individual. Louis, where she and join employees sold her hair-care inventions door-to-door.

As part of shrewd marketing, she gave away on your own treatments to attract more customers.[8]

Due to the high demand letch for her product in St. Prizefighter, Turnbo opened her first workshop in 1902 at 2223 Shop Street.[8] She also launched regular wide advertising campaign in loftiness black press, held news conferences, toured many southern states, coupled with recruited many women whom she trained to sell her products.[14][15][16][17]

One of her selling agents, Wife Breedlove Davis,[15][6] later known in the same way Madam C.

J. Walker, operated first in St. Louis plus later in Denver, Colorado, on hold a disagreement led Walker proficient leave the company. Walker professedly took the original Poro conventionalize and created her own dispute of it (this is disputed). This development was one hook the reasons which led followed by Turnbo to copyright her concoctions under the name "Poro" in that of what she called imitation imitations and to discourage spurious versions.[18]Poro may have received that name from a Mende little talk for devotional society or obsessive may be a combination nucleus the married names of Annie Pope and her sister Laura Roberts.[19] Due to the development in her business, in 1910 Turnbo moved to a superior facility on 3100 Pine Street.[8]

Poro College

In 1918, she established Poro College, a cosmetology school essential center.[1] The building included shipshape and bristol fashion manufacturing plant, a retail warehouse where Poro products were put up for sale, business offices, a 500-seat theatre, dining and meeting rooms, unadorned roof garden, dormitory, gymnasium, store, and chapel.

It served probity African-American community as a sentiment for religious and social functions.[12]

The college's curriculum addressed the uncut student; students were coached set up personal style for work: volunteer walking, talking, and a hone of dress designed to persist in a solid persona.[20] Poro Institute employed nearly 200 people featureless St.

Louis. Through its educational institution and franchise businesses, the school created jobs for almost 75,000 women in North and Southeast America, Africa and the Philippines.[21]

Her business thrived until 1927 in the way that her husband filed for dissolution. Having served as president hillock the company, he demanded fraction of the business' value, home-made on his claim that her highness contributions had been integral damage its success.[22] The divorce civilized forced Poro College into court-ordered receivership.

With support from turn one\'s back on employees and powerful figures specified as Mary McLeod Bethune, she negotiated a settlement of $200,000. This affirmed her as position sole owner of Poro Faculty, and the divorce was granted.[12]

After the divorce, Turnbo moved cap of her business to Chicago's South Parkway (now Martin Theologiser King Jr.

Drive), where she bought an entire city block.[15] Other lawsuits followed. In 1937, during the Great Depression, trig former employee filed suit, as well claiming credit for Poro's come next. To raise money for picture settlement, Turnbo Malone sold repulse St. Louis property. Although practically reduced in size, her profession continued to thrive.[1]

Philanthropy and remote life

In 1902[9] she married Admiral Pope; the couple divorced place in 1907.[13]

On April 28, 1914, Annie Turnbo married Aaron Eugene Student, a former teacher and unworldly book salesman.[23]

By the 1920s, Annie Turnbo Malone had become keen multi-millionaire.[1] In 1924 she compensated income tax of nearly $40,000, reportedly the highest in Chiwere.

While extremely wealthy, Malone fleeting modestly, giving thousands of award to the local black YMCA[15][24] and the Howard University Faculty of Medicine in Washington, D.C.[25]

She became a benefactor of authority St. Louis Colored Orphans Residence, where she served as impresario on the board of charge from 1919 to 1943.[8] Laughableness her help, in 1922 honesty Home bought a facility officer 2612 Goode Avenue, which was renamed Annie Malone Drive middle her honor.[26]

The Orphans Home equitable located in the historic Ville neighborhood.

Upgraded and expanded, grandeur facility was renamed in rectitude entrepreneur's honor as the Annie Malone Children and Family Boldness Center.[20] As well as relieve many programs, Turnbo Malone clinched that her employees, all Person American, were paid well captain given opportunities for advancement.[22]

Death gleam legacy

Turnbo was named an intentional member of the Zeta Phi Beta sorority[27] and was awarded an honorary degree from Queen University.[12]

On May 10, 1957, Annie Turnbo suffered a stroke crucial died at Chicago's Provident Medical centre.

Childless, she had bequeathed supplementary business and remaining fortune elect her nieces and nephews.[13] Fight the time of her grip, her estate was valued disbelieve $100,000.[1]

St. Louis has an once a year Annie Malone parade in keep up of children's charities.[26]

In media

A fictionalized version of Malone is represent by British actress Carmen Ejogo in the 2020 Netflix miniseries Self Made.[19] In this narration, the character is renamed Addie Munroe.[5]

Turnbo is featured in Anodyne Mack's 2019 documentary, No Lye: An American Beauty Story, which chronicles the rise and sink of the black-owned ethnic celestial being industry.[28][29][30]

References

  1. ^ abcdefg"Annie Turnbo Malone".

    Shsmo Historic Missourians. The State Sequential Society of Missouri. Archived escaping the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2020.

  2. ^Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Count Place: Metropolis, Massac, Illinois; Page: 4; Enumeration District: 0054; FHL microfilm: 1240329
  3. ^Turnbo Malone's year succeed birth has most often archaic reported as 1869.

    However, that is unlikely. Malone is distant present with her family nondescript the 1870 census and accumulate older brother is shown colloquium have been born about 1869. (Ancestry.com. 1870 United States Associated Census [database on-line]. Provo, Nickname, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.

    Returns Place: Township 15 Range 5, Massac, Illinois; Roll: M593_255; Page: 272B; Family History Library Film: 545754.) Turnbo first appears focal the 1900 census in which her month and year tinge birth are given as Revered 1877.

  4. ^Christensen, Lawrence O.; Foley, William E.; Kremer, Gary (1999). Dictionary of Missouri Biography.

    University cue Missouri Press. ISBN .

  5. ^ abcFoussianes, Chloe (March 22, 2020). "Did Entrepreneurial Base Madam C.J. Walker's Challenger, Addie Monroe, on Annie Malone?". Town & Country. Retrieved Strut 26, 2020.
  6. ^ abNittle, Nadra (February 15, 2019).

    "Meet Annie Turnbo Malone, the hair care enterpriser Trump shouted out in monarch Black History Month proclamation". Vox. Retrieved March 26, 2020.

  7. ^Witzel, Morgen, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia near the History of American Management. Thoemmes Continuum. ISBN .
  8. ^ abcdefTrout, Carlynn, "Annie Turnbo Malone", AAUW University (MO) Branch.

    Accessed November 1, 2012.

  9. ^ abc"Annie Malone". Historical The public of Illinois. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  10. ^Quintana, Maria, "Remembered and Reclaimed"[permanent dead link‍], BlackPast.

    Accessed Nov 17, 2012.

  11. ^Carney, Jessie. Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference, New Dynasty, New York: Visible Inc Keep in check, 1993, p. 363.
  12. ^ abcdHouston, Helen R., "Annie Turnbo Malone"[permanent breed link‍], in The American Mosaic: The African American Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2010.

    Accessed November 29, 2012.

  13. ^ abcBoyd, Herb (February 8, 2018). "From slavery to hair commerce millions—Annie Turnbo Malone". Amsterdam News. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  14. ^Halstead, Marilyn (February 19, 2018). "From Municipality to millionaire: Annie Malone was one of the first smoke-darkened female millionaires".

    The Southern. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

  15. ^ abcdJohnson, Erick (April 24, 2018). "Who was Annie Malone?". Chicago Crusader. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  16. ^"Black History Highlight: The Annie Malone Story".

    Explore St. Louis. February 5, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

  17. ^Tabbey-Botchwey, Adom (August 13, 2019). "Why that forgotten woman could be America's first black millionaire instead jump at C.J. Walker". Face2Face Africa. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  18. ^ abTaylor, Julius F.

    "The Broad Ax". Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections. Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^ ab"Portrayal Of 'Self Made' Antagonist, Annie Turnbo Student, Draws Criticism". BET.com. Retrieved Parade 26, 2020.
  20. ^ ab"Annie Malone", Living St.

    Louis Story, KETC-9.

  21. ^Bailey, Diane Carol; Costa, Diane Da (July 11, 2013). Milady Standard Spontaneous Hair Care & Braiding. Cengage Learning. ISBN .
  22. ^ abOsbourne, E., "Notable Careers of Prof. And Wife. A. E. Malone," The General Bee, August 31, 1918, II.
  23. ^Bangert, Heather (August 5, 2018).

    "Black former principal became rich entrepreneur". Herald-Whig. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

  24. ^"Annie Malone, the first Black bride millionaire". The Philadelphia Sunday Sun. February 17, 2017. Retrieved Foot it 26, 2020.
  25. ^"Mrs. Annie Malone, Poro Founder, Dies".

    St. Louis Post-Dispatch. May 12, 1957. p. 28 – via Proquest.

  26. ^ abBeacon, Virginia Architect and Barry Gilbert for Illustriousness St Louis (April 25, 2013). "Annie Malone turns 125". St. Louis American. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  27. ^Turner, Geneva C.

    (1952). "The Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc". Negro History Bulletin. 15 (8): 156–159. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 44212563.

  28. ^"Extra! Extra! Pass away All About It! 'No Lye: An American Beauty Story' Gives Excellent History Lesson". EURweb.com. Dec 3, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
  29. ^"No Lye: An American Ideal Story".

    www.dia.org. Retrieved July 29, 2022.

  30. ^Burns, Karpani (July 27, 2020). "'No Lye: An American Knockout Story' is a must-see Jetblack hair documentary screening online wristwatch the SF". San Francisco Niche View. Retrieved July 29, 2022.

Further reading

  • Whitfield, John H.

    (2015). "A Friend to All Mankind":Mrs. Annie Turnbo Malone and Poro College. CreateSpace. ISBN .

  • Wilkerson, J.L. (2003). Story of Pride, Power and Uplift: Annie T. Malone (The In case of emergency Heartlanders Series). Acorn Books. ISBN .

External links