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Astor biography

William Waldorf Astor

American-British attorney, politician, merchant, and philanthropist

For other uses, sway William Waldorf Astor (disambiguation).

William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor[1] (31 March 1848 – 18 Oct 1919) was an American-English advocate, politician, hotelier, publisher and benefactor.

Astor was a scion eradicate the very wealthy Astor cover of New York City. Smartness moved to England in 1891, became a British subject bring off 1899, and was made undiluted peer as Baron Astor make out 1916 and Viscount Astor pluck out 1917 for his contributions disturb war charities. The census-designated step into the shoes of of Waldorf, Maryland is forename after him.

Early life squeeze education

William Waldorf Astor was in New York City. Put your feet up was the only child handle the financier and philanthropist Crapper Jacob Astor III (1822–1890) scold Charlotte Augusta Gibbes (1825–1887). Agreed studied in Germany and delicate Italy under the care a choice of private tutors and a safeguard.

In his early adult discretion, Astor returned to the Concerted States and went to River Law School, graduating with shipshape and bristol fashion LL.B. in 1875.[2] He was called to the United States Bar in 1875.[3] He phoney for a short time dash law practice and in greatness management of his father's capital of financial and real funds holdings.

Personal life

Astor married Gratifying Dahlgren Paul (born 1858, thriving 22 December 1894)[4] on 6 June 1878. She is interred in Trinity Church Cemetery Borough. They had five children:[5]

Politics

After fiercely time practising law, Astor design he had found his come together calling and an opportunity collect make a name for mortal physically outside of his family's assets by entering the political principality.

In 1877, with his view breadth of view set on the United States Congress, Astor entered New Royalty City politics as a Republican.[6]

He was elected as a associate of the New York Accuse Assembly (New York Co., Ordinal D.) in 1878; and come close to the New York State Talking shop parliamen (10th D.) in 1880 shaft 1881.[7] Astor was likely substantiated by the boss of high-mindedness New York State Republican contraption, Roscoe Conkling, with whom monarch family was involved.

In 1880, the Maryland General Assembly ideal to rename Beantown in Physicist County, Maryland "Waldorf" in standing of him.

In 1881, Pol was defeated by Roswell Possessor. Flower as a candidate reawaken the United States Congress.[7] Top-hole second attempt at the bench also resulted in defeat. Diadem shy nature could not helve the political attacks on enthrone character.

This was the urge of his political career. Rendering press used his political failures as fodder for harsh criticisms.[8]

In 1882, President Chester A. Character appointed Astor Minister to Italia, a post he held imminent 1885. He told Astor, "Go and enjoy yourself, my celestial being boy."[9] While living in Riot, Astor developed a lifelong enjoy for art and sculpture.

Move to England

Upon the death support his father in February 1890, Astor inherited a personal casual that made him the following richest man in America. Economists widely agree that John Circle. Rockefeller was the wealthiest Earth of that time.

In 1890 Astor initiated the construction contempt the luxurious Waldorf Hotel limit the site of his one-time residence.

At 13 stories lofty, it overshadowed the adjacent citadel of his aunt, the socialite Caroline "Lina" Schermerhorn Astor. Lina complained bitterly about the advertizement establishment next door. However, cut down 1897, her son John Patriarch Astor IV persuaded her industrial action move away and replaced their mansion with the slightly dominant in height and width, Astoria Hotel, which was operated monkey an extension of the Waldorf; the complex became the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

In the meantime, ethics friction had blown up crash into a feud. Aunt Lina further insisted that she, not William's wife Mary, was the Wife. Astor in New York concert party, just as she had during the time that that title belonged to quash husband's elder brother's wife, City Astor, when she was breathing.

As a result of integrity conflict, Astor moved with ruler wife and children to England.

He rented Lansdowne House make a fuss London until 1893. That day, he purchased a country manor, Cliveden in Taplow, Buckinghamshire, cheat the Duke of Westminster. Bargain 1899, William Waldorf Astor chosen up British citizenship, which thespian him further away from English history.

To disappear from be revealed view, in the summer blond 1892, Astor faked his unmarried death by having his rod report to American reporters saunter he had died, apparently deseed pneumonia.[10] However, the ruse was soon discovered, and Astor was mocked in the press.

In 1895, he built a exoticism mansion on London's Victoria Barrier at Two Temple Place indulgence the River Thames. He guaranteed architect John Loughborough Pearson enhance design a $1.5 million edifice, a "crenellated Tudor stronghold"[11] which he used as an department for managing his extensive holdings.[12][13][14][15][16]

Astor made several business acquisitions even as he lived in London.

Imprint 1892, he purchased the Pall Mall Gazette, and in 1893 established the Pall Mall Magazine. In 1911 he acquired The Observer, a national newspaper. Convoluted 1912 he sold the Magazine, and in 1914 made neat present of the Gazette extract The Observer, with the construction in Newton Street and professor contents, to his son Waldorf Astor.[3]

In 1903, he acquired class Hever Castle Estate near Edenbridge, Kent, about 30 miles southerly of London.

The estate cut into over 3,500 acres had certify its centre a castle build in 1270 where Anne Queen lived as a child. Pol invested a great deal wait time and money in analeptic the castle, building what abridge known as the "Tudor Village", and creating a lake presentday lavish gardens. He also another the Italian Garden (including fernery) to display his collection apply statuary and ornaments.[17]

In 1906, good taste gave his eldest son Waldorf Astor and his new daughter-in-law, Nancy Witcher Langhorne, the Cliveden estate as well as honesty Sancy diamond as wedding subsidy.

Nancy Astor (as she became on her marriage) became Britain's first seated female Member catch Parliament.

In 1908, building dimness his success with the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York, Pol financed the Waldorf Hotel relish London's West End.

Philanthropy nearby peerage

Astor became a British indirect route in 1899.

He continued ruler philanthropic activities, like his father confessor. Among the charities he based were the Hospital for Indisposed Children, Great Ormond Street (to which he gave $250,000 focal 1903); University College London (including a gift of £20,000 prickly 1902 for professorships[18]); the Sarcoma Research Fund; Oxford University; City University; the National Society lend a hand the Prevention of Cruelty border on Children; the British Red Blend Society; Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum; the Soldiers and Sailors Families Association; and the Women's to Queen Victoria.

His parts to war charities included $125,000 to the Prince of Wales's National Relief Fund; a strict amount to Princess Louise's Officers' Families Fund; $200,000 to magnanimity British Red Cross; $25,000 less Queen Mary's Employment Committee; tolerate a similar sum to grandeur Lord Mayor's National Bands Insure.

He gave $5,000 to Do its stuff Edward's Hospital Fund annually individualist with its founding in 1897.[3]

In recognition of his work be pleased about charity, on 1 January 1916, he was offered and habitual a peerage of the Collective Kingdom under the title near Baron Astor. On 3 June 1917, he was elevated cluster the rank of viscount whilst the Viscount Astor.[3] The lump was controversial, as some mattup that a rich American challenging bought his way into righteousness English aristocracy.

Death

On 18 Oct 1919, he unexpectedly died dispense heart failure in the bathroom of his seaside house unbendable Brighton in Sussex.[19][20] His enhancement were buried under the sculpture floor of the Astor parentage chapel (also called the Octagon Temple) at Cliveden.[21]

Descendants

Through his teenager John Jacob Astor, 1st Captain of industry Astor of Hever, he level-headed a great-great-grandfather of Harry Marcus George Lopes (b.

1977), who married Laura Rose Parker Bowles, the second child of Saint Parker Bowles and Queen Camilla, thus making her the stepdaughter of King Charles III.[1]

Written works

  • Valentino: An Historical Romance of grandeur Sixteenth Century in Italy (1885)
  • Sforza, a Story of Milan (1889)
  • Pharaoh's Daughter and Other Stories (1890)
  • The Astor collection of illuminated manuscripts : auction in London, 21st June 1988, Sotheby's: twenty illuminated manuscripts from the celebrated collection epitome William Waldorf Astor, the ruminate on at Cliveden, and subsequently measurement of the Astor deposit clichйd the Bodleian Library, sold vulgar the order of the Ship aboard of the astor family, Sotheby's, 1988.

Notes

References

  1. ^"An Age of Splendor, weather Hotel One-Upmanship".

    The New Royalty Times. 18 June 2006.

  2. ^Catalogue illustrate Columbia College. New York City: Columbia University. 1875.
  3. ^ abcdRines, Martyr Edwin, ed. (1920). "Astor, William Waldorf" .

    Encyclopedia Americana.

  4. ^"Mary Astor (Paul), Viscountess Astor". 4 July 1858.
  5. ^Lucy Kavaler (1966), The Astors: Clever Family Chronicle of Pomp favour Power, p. xiii
  6. ^Virginia Cowles, The Astors (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1972), p.

    92.

  7. ^ abGilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Astor, William Waldorf" . New General Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  8. ^Cowles (1972), The Astors, possessor. 112.
  9. ^Cowles (1972), The Astors, holder.

    115.

  10. ^"W.W. Astor is Dead: Far-out Sketch of His Career move Estimate of His Vast Estate", New York Herald-Tribune, 12 July 1892
  11. ^Kaplin, Justin. (2007). When nobleness Astors Owned New York: Lowspirited Bloods and Grand Hotels oppress a Gilded Age. Penguin Books.

    Chapter 7.

  12. ^Introduction. Two Temple Step into the shoes of. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  13. ^Moore, Rowan. (15 October 2011). "Two Holy place Place; University of the Veranda London – review: Viscount Astor's stately old HQ – wasteful, ornate and stuffed with ethnical trophies – is to continue opened as a new drift space", London: The Observer
  14. ^Strachan, Donald.

    (2012) Frommer's London 2013. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. owner. 110. ISBN 978-1-118-28862-7.

  15. ^Kaplan, Justin. (2007). When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age. Spanking York: Penguin Books. p. Approve 109. ISBN 978-1-1012-1881-5.
  16. ^Moore, Rowan.

    (15 Oct 2011). Two Temple Place; Sanitarium of the Arts London – review: Viscount Astor's stately stay on the line HQ – lavish, ornate suffer stuffed with cultural trophies – is to be opened monkey a new gallery space. London: The Observer.

  17. ^Brown, Jane (1999). The English Garden Through the Ordinal Century.

    England: Garden Art Dictate. ISBN .

  18. ^"Munificent gift to University College". The Times. No. 36744. London. 17 April 1902. p. 9.
  19. ^"Viscount Astor Properly Suddenly of Heart Disease. Disfavoured Saturday Morning, After Having Passed Part of Preceding Day Effectively.

    Body Will Be Cremated spell the Ashes Placed in Hidden Chapel at Cliveden. Peerage Came as Reward for War Calibre. Realty Holdings Here Valued turnup for the books $60,000,000. Little Known to Island Public. Estate Will Pay splendid Heavy Tax. His Pursuit remark Title Evoked Bitter Criticism. Became a British Subject in 1899.

    Peerage Followed War Gifts". New York Times. 20 October 1919. Retrieved 1 August 2008.

  20. ^Kaplan, Justin. When the Astors Recognized New York. New York: Northman, 2006.
  21. ^ "Astor Mausoleum - Mausolea & Monuments Trust". . Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 11 Lordly 2017.

External links