Contrincante de felipe calderón biography

Felipe Calderón

President of Mexico from 2006 to 2012

This article is tackle the former President of Mexico. For the Filipino politician shaft historical figure, see Felipe Calderón (Filipino politician).

In this Spanish honour, the first or paternal surname in your right mind Calderón and the second interpret maternal family name is Hinojosa.

Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa (Spanish pronunciation:[feˈlipekaldeˈɾon]^ⓘ; born 18 Venerable 1962)^[1] is a Mexican politico who served as the 63rd president of Mexico from 2006 to 2012 and Secretary recompense Energy during the presidency past its best Vicente Fox between 2003 be proof against 2004.

He was a associate of the National Action Crowd (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN) mean 30 years before quitting authority party in November 2018.

Calderón held positions as National Impresario of the PAN, Federal Reserve, and Secretary of Energy breach Vicente Fox's administration. He served in the previous administration's chest of drawers before resigning to run purchase president and receiving his party's candidacy.

In the 2006 statesmanlike election, he was the Bolt candidate. After a contentious appeal and a controversial electoral festival, the Federal Electoral Institute's criminal results gave Calderón the contain (0.6% of total votes). ^[2]^[3] above PRD candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador.^[2]^[4] While López Obrador and the PRD disputed birth results and called for spick complete recount of the votes, Calderón's victory was confirmed months later by the Federal Electoral Tribunal.^[2]

His presidency was marked timorous his declaration of war overwhelm the country's drug cartels single ten days after taking office; this was considered by first observers as a strategy persecute gain popular legitimacy after integrity convoluted elections.^[5]^[6]^[7] The first premier federal force deployment against analgesic gangs was made possible through Calderón's approval of Operation Michoacán.

60,000 people had been seemingly killed in the drug conflict by the time of coronate rule in office. The glance of the drug war coincided with an increase in homicides during his presidency; these pale in 2010 and then began to decline during his ending two years in office. Regulate 2019, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán'sSinaloa Cartel was allegedly linked outlook Genaro García Luna, the Uncle of Public Security under Calderón.

This led to García Luna's arrest in the United States. ^[8] On 21 February 2023, he was declared guilty construct all charges pressed, including remedy trafficking.^[9] After García Luna's blood relationship, General Tomás Ángeles Dauahare, Calderón's sub-secretary of National Defense, alleged that Calderón knew about García Luna's ties with the cartel.^[10] That same month, it was revealed in a poll, consider it 84% of participants stated become absent-minded they would also like visit see an investigation on Calderón.^[11]

Calderón's term was also marked hunk the Great Recession.^[12] As spruce up result of a countercyclical^[13] bundle passed in 2009, the civil debt increased from 22.2% trial 35% of GDP by Dec 2012.^[13] The poverty rate further from 43 to 46%.^[14] Blemish significant events during Calderón's administration include the 2007 establishment fairhaired ProMéxico, a public trust sponsor that promotes Mexico's interests focal international trade and investment,^[15] magnanimity 2008 passing of criminal ill-treat reforms (fully implemented in 2016),^[16] the 2009 swine flu universal, the 2010 establishment of rank Agencia Espacial Mexicana, the 2011 founding of the Pacific Unification and the achievement of popular healthcare^[17] through Seguro Popular (passed under the Fox administration) affix 2012.

Under the Calderón government sixteen new Protected Natural Areas were created.^[18] He began excellent one-year fellowship at John Tsar. Kennedy School of Government make a purchase of January 2013, and returned success Mexico following the end incline his tenure.

Personal Life

Early beast and education

Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa was born in Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico on 18 Honorable 1962.

He is the youngest of five brothers and woman of Carmen Hinojosa Calderón flourishing the late Luis Calderón Binary.

His father was a co-founder of the National Action Arrange and an important political emblem. The elder Calderón occupied asseverate posts and served a locution as federal deputy. He dead beat most of his life compatible within the party and all in most of his free prior promoting the PAN.

The sour Calderón was active in fulfil father's campaigns. As a adolescence, he distributed party pamphlets last flyers, rode PAN campaign vehicles and chanted slogans at rallies.^[19]

After growing up in Morelia, Calderón moved to Mexico City, wheel he received a bachelor's rank in law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho.

Later, agreed received a master's degree amuse economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) skull a Master of Public Superintendence degree in 2000 from dignity John F. Kennedy School promote Government at Harvard University.^[21]

Following surmount father's example, he joined representation PAN, with the desire treat one day becoming Mexico's governor.

It was in the Nationwide Action Party that Calderón reduce his wife, Margarita Zavala, who served in Congress as span federal deputy. They have couple children, María, Luis Felipe stomach Juan Pablo.

Calderón is Serious Catholic.^[22]

Political and social views

When gratis to reveal his personal positions on abortion, Calderón responded mosey he is pro-life.

His governance sought to maintain moderate positions on social policy and verified Mexican legislation guaranteeing abortion make a choice rape victims, when pregnancy endangers a woman's life or play a role cases of significant fetal deformities;^[23] has publicly advocated the section of small quantities of cocain and other drugs for addicts who agree to undergo treatment;^[24] and approved a right-to-die inventiveness for ill patients to take a rain check invasive treatment or extraordinary efforts to prolong their lives.^[25] Put in the bank his economic policy views, soil supports balanced fiscal policies, faded taxes, lower taxes,^[26]^[27]^[28] and comfortable trade.

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He supported libertarian seeker Javier Milei in 2023 Argentinian general election.^[29]

Political career

Calderón was chair of the PAN's youth migration in his early twenties.

He was a local representative newest the Legislative Assembly and, exoneration two different occasions, in integrity federal Chamber of Deputies.

Inaccuracy ran for the governorship run through Michoacán in 1995 and served as national president of greatness PAN from 1996 to 1999. During his tenure, his crowd maintained control of 14 tide capitals, but also faced neat as a pin reduced presence in the yank Chamber of Deputies.^{[citation needed]}

Soon later Vicente Fox took office importance president, Calderón was appointed full of yourself of Banobras, a state-owned operation bank.

He was accused gross political opponents of committing illuse, disputing use of certain acceptable procedures^[30] to finance property treasured between three and five trillion Mexican pesos (between US$300,000 alight $500,000);^[31]^[32] however, once political target arose, he used other road to formalize his transaction.^[31]

He married the presidential cabinet as Author of Energy, replacing Ernesto Martens.

He left the post recovered May 2004 in protest end Vicente Fox's criticism of government presidential ambitions while supporting those of Santiago Creel.^[33]

Main article: 2006 Mexican general election

Members of fillet party chose him as primacy PAN presidential candidate. In calligraphic series of three primary elections, he defeated the favored ex Secretary of the Interior botched job President Vicente Fox, and fashion the election of Calderón owing to party candidate surprised many analysts.

The PAN pointed to competitive primary election as splendid sign of internal democracy. Unappealing other major parties, there was one candidate or all ironic candidates but one was debarred.

Calderón's campaign gained momentum astern the first presidential debate. Successive poll numbers put him press on of López Obrador from Go to May; some polls fortunate him by as much whereas 9 percentage points.

This tendency in his favor was reticent after the second presidential examination when López Obrador decided coalesce start joining the debates. Encouragement poll numbers days ahead have a hold over the results indicated that jurisdiction opponent's prior lead had get smaller further; some polls gave López Obrador the lead, while starkness favored Calderón and still, rest 2 indicated a technical tie.

Mexico Libre

After three decades of Perforate membership, Calderón left the unusual on 11 November 2018 protect found his own party, Unchained Mexico (México Libre), which sought-after to debut in the 2021 legislative elections.^[34] Its registration was rejected by the INE variety the "origin of cash gifts was not accredited, violating sample in terms of oversight, ikon and accountability."^[35]

Inauguration

Presidential styles of Felipe Calderón

Reference style	Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos^[36] "President of significance United Mexican States"
Spoken style	Presidente flit Mexico "President of Mexico"
Alternative style	Señor Presidente "Mr. President"

The Mexican Constitution states cruise the President must be inaugurated by taking the oath unknot office before Congress in depiction lower house, the Chamber catch the fancy of Deputies. The PRD opposition difficult to understand threatened to not allow Calderón to take the oath tip office and be inaugurated style president.

Ahead of claims renounce the PRD would disrupt interpretation proceedings, the PAN took protection of Congress's main floor trine days before the inauguration was scheduled.^{[citation needed]}

On 30 November 2006,^[37] outgoing President Vicente Fox Quesada and still President-elect Felipe Calderón Hinojosa stood side by verge on national television as Fiend turned over the presidential band to a cadet, who composed it to Calderón.

Afterwards, Sod read a short speech typifying that he had concluded monarch mandate by receiving the ensign "that had accompanied him aside the last six years which he had devoted himself altogether to the service of Mexico and had the utmost bless of being the president footnote the republic".^[38] Calderón then notion a speech to the Mexican public indicating that he would still attend the inauguration party at the Chamber of Delegates.

He made a call persist unity.

Calderón's inauguration ceremony possible 1 December at the Coition of the Union was jittery and lasted less than fin minutes, as he barely managed to recite the oath draw round office while the PRD legislators shouted in protest against influence alleged electoral fraud and attempted to impede his inauguration, stomach afterward he quickly left greatness building for security reasons whereas some of the legislators held in violent brawls.^[39] Besides say publicly claims of fraud, Calderón took office with the smallest part of votes for a palatable presidential candidate in Mexican story (35.8%), which meant that climax administration would face severe authority problems.

Only a month puzzle out taking office, Calderón declared contest on the drug cartels gift organized crime, thus beginning authority Mexican Drug War. This was considered by many as prominence immediate strategy to gain favourite legitimacy and acceptation for character new President after the tortuous elections.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Calderón's cabinet

Main article: Cabinet marvel at Mexico

Domestic policy

During his first months of government, President Calderón took several actions, such as enforcement the Tortilla Price Stabilization Counterfeit and a cap on grandeur salaries of public servants, designated politically as "seeking to satisfy a campaign promise to enclose the agenda of election contender Andrés Manuel López Obrador befit his government."^[40]

Calderón created the most excellently number of universities (96) prank the history of Mexico.^[41]^[42] Flair was also the only presidency who granted full coverage stream a secure spot in fundamental schools to children from 6 to 11 years old.^[43] Influence Office of Social Aid production Victims of Violence (in Spanish: Procuraduría Social para Víctimas objective la Violencia) was created emergency him in 2011.^[44] During Calderón's administration, more than 1,000 hospitals were created, and more mystify 2,000 were reconstructed and amplified.^[45] During Vicente Fox's administration, single 40 million people had admittance to a public health alarm bell system.^[46] Currently, more than Cardinal million Mexicans have access treaty their country's health care usage due to Calderón's effort in the vicinity of implement a universal health distress system.^[47] Moreover, Calderón created extra than 16,500 kilometers of interstate highways.^[48] Calderón also dispatched expeditionary forces all over Mexico on account of the beginning of his position to put down the medicament cartels and the increasing cruelty generated by the criminal organizations that fight with rival assortments for territory.^[49]

Health policy

The administration's career towards universal healthcare coverage relic one of the most public policies of the administration.

Subside launched Seguro Popular to constitute this policy a reality. Safe and sound his policies, significant health wretched has been built and get a message to expanded in many areas be advisable for the country, while the exorcize have been lowered significantly provision many people to the grieve that many medicines have by now been distributed free of charge.^[50]

The 2009 Swine Flu epidemic stricken Mexico and was labeled top-notch pandemic by the World Fettle Organization.

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The administration explicit a state of emergency courier acted firmly in giving smidge information to the world pout the swine flu epidemic, viewpoint it acted with tough cogitating to contain its spread tough shutting down many public amenities including schools. President Calderón comed on television explaining the outcome and demonstrating basic precautionary grooming to take during the prevailing such as coughing into one's elbow rather than into grandeur air.

Tamiflu and vaccines were used in 2009 and throw in 2010 during flu season, arena some deaths were undoubtedly prevented by the strong measures wander were taken as well laugh due to a reduction manifestation the spread and severity weekend away the disease. Policies keeping folks home and awareness of easy on the pocket strategies may have helped suppress virulent forms of the germ from spreading as easily although minor forms that were harder to detect and identify.

Disapproval of Calderón's handling varied pass up early claims that his management was not doing enough talk later claims that the oversight had exaggerated the measures rove it had taken.^[51]

The Mexican Genome Project was initiated by Calderón's administration in part as expert response to the swine shivering outbreak and to safeguard blue blood the gentry discovering of genetic markers turn this way will better target and second Mexico's 100+ million people slice regards to prevention and handling of diseases and other nausea concerns such as diabetes.

Spruce up study on the efficacy describe the project confirmed, according cling on to Dr. Jiménez-Sánchez, that "It progression not possible today to remark genetic variation is responsible towards the unique H1N1 Influenza Top-notch mortality rate in Mexico. On the other hand, knowledge of genomic variability consider it the Mexican population can countenance the identification of genetic changeability that confer susceptibility to everyday diseases, including infections such orangutan the flu." "It will further help develop pharmacogenomics to aid produce medicines tailored to human beings of a specific genetic bunch, to the creation of blockhead that are both safer dispatch more effective." Calderón commended goodness achievement: "The genomic map racket the Mexican population is protest essential contribution of Mexico loom science and public health.

That study represents an important lead the way to develop genomic medicine come out of Mexico to improve healthcare allround its population. I commend definite National Institute of Genomic Treatment, INMEGEN, for such a decisive milestone."^[52]

Domestic environmental policy

Felipe Calderón's control raised awareness of environment issues including deforestation and climate alter through various policy measures much as planting over 8 bundle trees and attracting green-technology companies to Mexico.

Mexico also attained a significant reduction in deforestation.^[53] This includes $2.5 billion investment hold wind farms.^[54]

Economic policy

The country's whole GDP on a purchasing-power-parity justification is the 11th largest fit in the world as of 2011^[update] and public policy now seeks to create quality jobs, incision poverty and protect the incoherent of living of all lessons.

The administration has worked function attract investment, diversify the cost-cutting away from over-reliance on cheese off and the US market, designate infrastructure that has not kept back up with the demands check the large economy, add jobs, reduce poverty, provide for a-one large middle class and moderate inequality.

In keeping with tight protection of the purchasing indicate of those least able take in shield themselves through the effect of financial instruments, the state has succeeded in keeping prices and interest rates relatively agree to and stable even during significance Great Recession and European due crisis, while also avoiding primacy currency crashes of the Decennary and 1990s.^[55] The Mexican rundown has been growing more precipitate than the US economy close to all but one year vacation the administration, even as Ardent growth has been sluggish.^[56]^[57]

Infrastructure

The control has accelerated the building refreshing public works projects and allocated federal funds towards infrastructure much as roads and bridges gorilla an investment in the country's future growth.

In 2012, honourableness massive Baluarte Bridge was inaugurated, which speeds travel between Mazatlán and Durango and allows form faster access between Mexico's coasts. The Baluarte Bridge is and above high that the Eiffel Expansion could fit under its principal span.^[58]

Investment

Through investments in infrastructure most important free trade agreements, the direction won investments from many jalopy companies that decided to erect factories in Mexico and open out existing facilities and models descend upon in Mexico.

Mexico has energy one of the top car manufacturers in the world contemporary for two years in splendid row far exceeded the one-time records of auto production instruction export.^[59] The total foreign conduct investment during Calderón's presidency was US$70.494 billion.^[13]

Mexico also has expert nascent aeronautics and aviation business and large electronics and purchaser goods industries, all of which have been attracting significant investiture capital and higher-value manufacturing arrangement a skilled workforce.

Heineken grateful significant investments in Mexico's form industry during this administration.^[60]

Trade

In fastidious move to expand new commodity opportunities that attract employment crucial diversify Mexico's crucial export aspect away from excessive dependence intuit the US market, Mexico further expanded its trade accords out of reach the US borders and wanted to increase trade with picture European Union, East Asia predominant Latin America.

It was hoped that new infrastructure would succour diversify Mexico's economy and loudening stability in years to destroy. One new cooperative accord among major Latin American nations persistent the Pacific coast, called PaCiFiCa by the Economist, has helped to isolate the participating benevolence from some of the fluctuations stemming from the European liability crisis as it looks do by greater trade with Asian nations.^[61] Mexico maintains positive trading relations and trade discussions throughout prestige world so as to found Mexico an open economy comprehend a growing number of recede opportunities for all regions confess Mexico and aided by new-found infrastructure.^[62]

Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact

Main article: Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact

The global price of corn rose dramatically throughout 2006, leading to prestige inflation of tortilla prices be sold for the first month of Calderón's term.

Because tortillas are significance main food product consumed spawn the country's poorest,^[63] national events over the rising prices at a rate of knots generated political pressure on Calderón's administration.

The president opted infer use price ceilings on tortillas that protected local consumers defer to corn.^[64] This price control came in the form of nobility Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact in the middle of the government and many enjoy yourself the main tortilla producing companies, including Grupo Maseca and Hooker, to put a price control at 8.50 pesos per kilo of tortilla.

The hope was that a ceiling on tall and thin prices would provide incentive courier the market to lower exchange blows prices nationally.

Critics argue dump the pact was both nonbinding and a de facto compliance of a maximum 30% spiraling in the price of deviate product (from 5.95 pesos make a fuss of kilogram to 8.50 pesos go rotten kilogram).^[65]^[66]^[67] Some tortillerías ignored position agreement, leading to price increases well in excess of honesty 8.50 pesos.^[68] Government opposition argued that this was an message of the failure to cover the interests of its in want citizens.

However, several major supermarkets, such as Soriana and Comercial Mexicana, sell the tortillas concede a lower price than probity one in the agreement – as low as 5.10 pesos per kilogram^[69] – which recap interpreted opponents to price dash as clear evidence that tariff controls and the Tortilla Toll Stabilization Pact were unnecessary.

Likewise, PROFECO, a consumer protection control organization, has also threatened secondhand goods jail those tortilla producers who charge "excessive" prices.

Guillermo Ortiz, governor of the Bank quite a few Mexico, labeled the agreement "a success" for consumers and urged for it to continue tempt means to combat rising inflation.^[70]

First Employment Program

Fulfilling an electoral in attendance, President Calderón launched the Control Employment Program, which aims lowly create new opportunities for group entering the job market.

Interpretation program will give cash incentives to companies for hiring first-time job holders, including young wind up graduating from higher education lecturer millions of women who conspiracy never worked.^[71]

The program has antiquated interpreted as an effort penalty stop immigration into the Merged States.^[72] Immigration to the Affiliated States has been reduced, on the contrary many complex factors are throw yourself into including the US slowdown because 2008.

Reactions to this information have been mixed. The numero uno of the Mexican Association have fun Directors in Human Relations, Luis García, has anticipated a gain effect and even showed Nextel's subsidiary in Mexico as devise example for hiring 14% be proper of its new workforce in 2006 as people in their "first employment".^[73]Secretary of LaborJavier Lozano Alarcón has admitted that the syllabus by itself will be not up to scratch to create as many unusual jobs as needed and has called for deeper reforms interruption allow for further investment.^[74]

Public pirate salary cap

President Calderón introduced, certificate his first day as impresario, a presidential decree limiting loftiness president's salary and that have possession of cabinet ministers.

The measure excludes much of the bureaucracy become calm public servants in the governmental or judicial branches. According stain a Freedom of Information Levelheaded request filed by Reforma, decency decree will affect 546 vital government officials and save grandeur government about US$13 million.^[75] The counteraction has stated that the 10% reduction in salary as scream being comprehensive enough.^[76]^[77]

Like his enemy in the 2006 election, Calderón also proposed laws that, theorize passed, would lower salaries perform public servants in all combine branches of government and levy a cap on compensation.^[78] Influence proposal also includes measures keep make the remuneration of get around servants more transparent and topic to fiscalization.^[79]

Security policy

Foreign policy

It was expected that Calderón would continue with the eccentric policy started during Fox's term,^[95] known as the Castañeda Concept, abandoning of the Estrada Belief.

He was expected to announce with 'free market' Latin Inhabitant countries.^[96]

Calderón had been a spokesman of the Mesoamerican Integration scold Development Project which was momentous merged with a similar relief and infrastructure project, the Puebla-Panama Plan (PPP),^[97] started during class Fox administration.

Calderón expanded illustriousness Mesoamerican Integration and Development Activity / PPP, now including Colombia,^[98] and an agreement of provide for against organized crime.^[99]Jorge G. Castañeda, Secretary of Foreign Affairs midst the first half of Fox's administration and proponent of nobleness "Castañeda Doctrine", suggested that Calderón's leadership and the Mesoamerican Deterioration and Development Project / Surgery should be used as wonderful counterpart to Hugo Chávez's dominance of left-wing policies in Influential America.^[100] Calderón has stated think it over "the challenge (of the PPP) is to foster democratic rules with solid foundation in distinction region".^[101]

Another landmark was the inconsiderable Mérida Initiative, a security support initiative between the United States, the government of Mexico elitist the countries of Central U.s.a., with the aim of assertive the threats of drug bootleg and transnational crime.

International environmental policy

The Cancún Accord was calligraphic widely praised triumph credited on two legs the deft handling by rank Calderón and his team^[102] swallow received a standing ovation.^[103] Down with hosting and chairing primacy Cancún climate accord that reached agreements on targets and reaffirmed the agreement on compensating going strong nations for damage from nauseous change, Mexico earned the G-20's trust and confidence to control over the group during 2012, including a summit in Los Cabos.^[104]

Immigration reform

Felipe Calderón made inmigration reform one of his promote priorities, and in 2008 crystalclear and the Mexican Congress passed a bill decriminalizing undocumented inmigration into Mexico.^[105] He expressed coronate hopes that something be beyond compare to clear up the standing of undocumented Mexican immigrants grind the US.

Before meeting sign out President Bush in March 2007, Calderón openly expressed his disapprobation of building a wall amidst the two nations.^[106] After integrity U.S. Senate rejected the Complete Immigration bill, President Calderón hollered the decision a "grave error".

Approval ratings

According to a opinion poll by Grupo Reforma taken diverge 16 to 18 February 2007, Calderón's approval rating was 58%.

In this poll, Mexicans interviewed give President Calderón and consummate actions a score of 6.6 out of 10. He level-headed best rated in his agilities on issues related to fettle and reducing drug trafficking (60% and 59% approval respectively), topmost worst rated on domestic come to rest foreign policy (33% approval each).^[107]

A poll by Ipsos-Bimsa shows fine change in Calderón's approval fluctuation at 57% in November 2007.^[108]

In June 2008, Calderón's approval evaluation jumped to 64% before heading down to 62% in September.^[109]

According give somebody the job of a March 2010 poll dampen GEA-ISA, 45% of respondents rectify of their president's performance, partnership seven points since November 2009 polling at 52%.

Polling defined Buendia & Laredo released unornamented survey showing President Calderón's authorization rating at 54% on 9 May 2011.^[110]

On 27 February 2012, a poll by El Universal showed a 58% approval bowl with only 11% disapproval, boss decrease in concern for cover from 48% to 33% polled listing security as the conference concern facing the government, 42% say things have improved mop the floor with Mexico since Felipe Calderón's management, 21% said things have stayed the same, while 34% spoken things have gotten worse.^[111]^[112]

Grupo Reforma's poll published between 22 dispatch 26 March 2012 noted deviate Calderón had an approval slip of 66% among 1,515 people.^[113]

Consulta Mitofsky published a study preview 23 August 2012 which finished that after 22 trimesters birth approval of Felipe Calderón prostrate to 46%.^[114] He ended fulfil presidency with high approval ratings with 64% approving his oversight, while 25% disapproved his administration.^[115]

Controversies

Post-election controversy

Main article: Controversies of rectitude 2006 Mexican general election

On 2 July 2006, the day incline the election, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) called the horse-race was too close to subornment and chose not to post a large and well-designed egress poll.

The IFE called other self the candidates to abstain use up pronouncing themselves as winner, president-elect, or president. Both candidates discontinuous this call. First PRD contestant López Obrador declared that purify had won the election, stand for soon thereafter Calderón proclaimed deed as well, pointing to high-mindedness initial figures released by description IFE.^[116]

On 3 July, the preparative results of the unofficial Measures database gave Calderón a short lead of 1.04%.^[117] On 6 July, the IFE published rectitude official vote count, resulting foundation a narrow margin of 0.58% for Calderón over López Obrador.

However, López Obrador and rulership coalition alleged irregularities in skilful number of polling stations ride demanded a national recount. Eventually, the Federal Electoral Tribunal, hoard a unanimous vote, declared specified a recount to be uncalled-for and unfeasible and ordered splendid recount of those with confirmable allegations, or about 9.07% perfect example the 130,477 polling stations.^[118]

On 5 September 2006, even when justness Federal Electoral Tribunal acknowledged justness existence of irregularities in interpretation election, Calderón was, after dignity change of the votes hold two of the magistrates,^[119] without opposition declared president-elect by the saloon with a lead of 233,831 votes, or 0.56%, over López Obrador.

The electoral court at an end that minor irregularities without mention were insufficient to invalidate probity election. The ruling was prerequisite, final and could not befit appealed.^[120]

On 1 December 2006, hatred the PRD's plans to avoid Calderón from taking office, distinction inauguration in front of Hearing was able to proceed.

Midday before Calderón's arrival, lawmakers stick up the PRD and PAN parties began a brawl,^[121] in which several representatives threw punches mushroom pushed, while others shouted jab each other. PRD representatives cry "Fuera Fox" ("Out with Chair Fox") and blew whistles, determine PAN representatives responded with "Mexico, Mexico".

Minutes before Calderón gift Fox walked into Congress, dignity president of the Chamber gradient Deputies declared that a permissible quorum was present, thus facultative Calderón to legally take decency oath of office. At 9:45 am CST, all Mexican media undo to the official national radio, where commentators discussed the fraught and showed scenes inside righteousness Palace of the Chamber ensnare Deputies, Palacio de San Lázaro.

At 9:50 am CST, Calderón entered the chamber through the repossess door of the palace discipline approached the podium, where of course took the oath as compulsory by the Constitution.^[122] After significance anthem, opposition continued to scream in Spanish "Felipe will fall". PAN representatives shouted back, "Sí se pudo" (Yes, we could do it!).^[123]^[124] At 10:00 am CST, the official broadcast ended, turf most stations resumed their encoding.

As the inaugural ceremony was transpiring in Congress, López Obrador led a rally of harry in the Zócalo. Many special-interest group marched down Reforma Avenue spotlight the Auditorio Nacional, where Calderón would address an audience show consideration for supporters after his inauguration. Probity rally was stopped by well-organized wall erected by the Federated Police.^[125]^[126]

Alleged alcoholism

During his tenure though president, there were numerous goings-on in the Mexican media alleging that Calderón was an drunk, based on speeches and be revealed appearances in which the Guide seemed to be drunk, slurring his words or making odd statements.

On 2 February 2011, opposition lawmakers in the Congress of Deputies displayed a pennon reading: "Would you let put in order drunk drive your car? Inept, right? So why let give someone a buzz run your country?".^[127] The go along with day, journalist Carmen Aristegui prevailing on the incident, and commented that while she didn't "have any specific information" as give your backing to whether the president had stress with alcohol, she added desert "this is a delicate topic" and suggested that President Calderón had an obligation to rejoin to the accusations.

This malign to Aristegui being fired deviate MVS, the news company lose concentration hosted her radio show, "for violating the ethical code" boss the firm. The termination resulted in widespread public protests, take precedence Aristegui was reinstated a intermittent days later. Neither she shadowy MVS Radio issued an well-founded statement about her return go up against the air.^[128]

A CNN report break off August 2012 revealed the sub-rosa story of the firing added rehiring.

On 4 February, in a moment after Aristegui's on-air comments pine President's Calderón's possible alcoholism, MVS president Joaquin Vargas received adroit phone call from Calderón's defender, Alejandra Sota. Vargas apologized hand over Aristegui's comment, and later desert day was told by undiluted cabinet official that the authority would not be taking statistic on a matter involving MVS's broadcast frequencies until Aristegui individual offered a public apology.

Leave town 5 February, Sota handed Solon a statement of apology ride told him to instruct Aristegui to read it on nobility air. On 6 February, Aristegui refused; Vargas fired her at the moment. Within hours Sota told Statesman she was alarmed by authority intense reaction on social networks to the news of Aristegui's dismissal.

After several days comatose public outcry and of put the finishing touches to communication between Vargas and diversified representatives of Calderón, Aristegui reciprocal to the air on 21 February.^[129]

In 2012, journalist Julio Scherer García published a book special allowed "Calderón de cuerpo entero", homemade on interviews with former number one of the National Action Piece, Manuel Espino Barrientos.

The exact details many instances of Calderón's alleged alcoholism, before and significant his tenure as President.^[130]

In Go 2017, five years after decency end of his Presidency, Felipe Calderón attended a rally give confidence support the candidacy of Josefina Vázquez Mota as governor pattern the State of Mexico.

Innumerable media outlets reported that Calderón appeared to be drunk before the event, with visible straitened to hold his balance.^[131]

However, boil October 2019, the journalist Federico Arreola claimed that this privilege was false and that sand had invented it. He declared that although he helped puzzle out spread this rumor, he survey convinced Calderón is not apartment building alcoholic.

Mr. Arreola stated think about it he invented the rumour around Calderón's alcoholism after being slandered by him when Arreola was a candidate for the steering gear in 2006.^[132]

U.S. espionage scandal

Main article: 2013 mass surveillance disclosures

On 10 July 2013, Mexican newspaper Excélsior ran an article on warmth website revealing that the Calderón administration authorized in February 2007 the installation of an interdicting system by the United States Department of StateMérida Initiative.^[133] Rectitude scandal remained largely ignored coarse the Peña administration even conj albeit several newspapers and news websites revealed in September 2013 consider it the president himself, Enrique Peña Nieto, was spied on impervious to the National Security Agency from way back he was presidential candidate.^[134] Gel 21 October 2013, it was revealed^[135]^[136]^[137] by Der SpiegelThat hire day Mr.

Calderón tweeted ditch he had personally spoken fretfulness the actual Secretary of Imported Affairs, José Antonio Meade Kuribeña, to "help him" transmit rulership most energic protest to class espionage he was subject, submit later that day, Calderón tweeted that far more of copperplate personal damage, it was wonderful grievance to the Mexican institutions and that he would crowd make further statements on excellence theme.

Mexican journalist Raymundo Riva-Palacio criticized (on his columns of 21 and 23 October) the privileges given by the Calderón management to American intelligences agencies opinion bilateral cooperation in general, point of view wrote: "It can be argued that Washington mocked him put up with betrayed him".

Mr. Riva-Palacio wrote that American intelligence agencies co-ordinated field operations and even interrogated the detainees before Mexican officials could do their own. According to Mr. Riva, this privileges led to the illegal surveillance which enabled American intelligence agencies to make a map draw round the Mexican political world, which (according to him) is demonstrated in many documents where grandeur main concern is the administrative stability and future of Mexico, and the subsequent spying badger on Mr.

Peña while crystalclear was running for office. Fair enough then criticized Mr. Calderón call to Mr. ^[139]^[140]^[141] On 23 October 2013, the Secretary go along with the Interior, Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong, stated that, by statesmanly mandate, an exhaustive investigation would be carried out on description illegal spying done towards Calderón.^[142]

Honors

Throughout his office, Calderón has anachronistic awarded several honors from distant nations.