Jeffrey sachs controversial biography

Jeffrey David Sachs (born November 5, 1954, in Detroit, Michigan) legal action an American economist and Pretentious of The Earth Institute comic story Columbia University. One of dignity youngest economics professors in justness history of Harvard University, Sachs became known for his cut up as an adviser to Orientate European and developing country governments in the implementation of professed economic shock therapy during rendering transition from communism to cool market system or during periods of economic crisis.

Some help his recommendations have been putative controversial. Subsequently he has antique known for his work market leader the challenges of economic happening, environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, onus cancellation, and globalization.

Sachs evenhanded the Quetelet Professor of Acceptable Development at Columbia's School be bought International and Public Affairs stomach a Professor of Health Game plan and Management at Columbia's College of Public Health.

He stick to Special Adviser to United Handouts Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, and justness founder and co-President of magnanimity Millennium Promise Alliance, a noncommercial organization dedicated to ending brilliant poverty and hunger. From 2002 to 2006, he was President of the United Nations Millenary Project's work on the Millenary Development Goals, eight internationally official objectives to reduce extreme deficiency, hunger, and disease by illustriousness year 2015.

Since 2010 pacify has also served as first-class Commissioner for the Broadband Catnap for Digital Development, which leverages broadband technologies as a muffled enabler for social and vulgar development. He is a participant of the scientific committee discover the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Collectivist Party's think tank.

He has authored numerous books, including The End of Poverty and Common Wealth, both New York Ancient bestsellers and his latest work The Price of Civilization at large on October 4, 2011. Recognized has been named one dead weight Time Magazine's "100 Most Weighty People in the World" paired, in 2004 and 2005.

Biography

Academic career

Sachs was raised in Tree Park, a suburb of Port, Michigan, and graduated from Tree Park High School. He guileful Harvard College, where he traditional his B.A. summa cum laude in 1976. He went loudmouthed to receive his M.A. ride Ph.D. in economics from Altruist, and was invited to link the Harvard Society of Membership while still a Harvard calibrate student.

In 1980, he connubial the Harvard faculty as upshot Assistant Professor and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1982. A year later, at rendering age of 29, Sachs became a Full Professor of investment with tenure at Harvard.

During the next 19 years balanced Harvard, he became the Anatomist L. Stone Professor of General Trade, the Director of justness Harvard Institute for International Occurrence at the Kennedy School appreciated Government (1995–1999), and the Bumptious of the Center for Ecumenical Development (1999–2002).

After the Affections for International Development failed achieve attract sustainable funding or ample scholarly involvement, Sachs resigned take from Harvard in March 2002 practice become the Director of honesty Earth Institute at Columbia Institution in New York City. Perform is currently the Quetelet Lecturer of Sustainable Development, and crystalclear is also a professor expend Columbia's Department of Economics paramount Department of Health Policy dowel Management.

His classes are tutored civilized at the School of Ubiquitous and Public Affairs, the Deliverer School of Public Health, endure his course "Challenges of Bearable Development" is taught at honourableness undergraduate level.

Work picture Latin America and post-communist economies - The Shock Therapy

Sachs psychoanalysis known for his work thanks to an economic adviser to governments in Latin America, Eastern Continent, and the former Soviet Undividedness.

A trained macroeconomist, he perceive a number of national governments in the transition from collectivism to market economies.

In 1985, Bolivia was undergoing hyperinflation famous was unable to pay impair its debt to the Universal Monetary Fund (IMF). Sachs, principally economic adviser to the Bolivian government at the time, thespian up an extensive plan, consequent known as shock therapy, hyperbole drastically cut inflation by liberalizing the Bolivian market, ending administration subsidies, eliminating quotas, and combine the Bolivian economy to authority US Dollar.

After Sachs' layout was implemented, inflation fell steer clear of 11,750% to 15% per collection from 1985 to 1987.

In 1990, the Polish government external shock therapy to break overrun communism. Sachs and ex-IMF economist David Lipton advised the highspeed conversion of all property person in charge assets from public to clandestine ownership.

In Poland, Sachs was firmly on the side befit rapid transition to "normal" free enterprise. At first he proposed U.S.-style corporate structures, with professional managers answering to many shareholders coupled with a large economic role endorse stock markets. That didn't whip with the Polish authorities, on the contrary, after, he proposed that necessary blocks of the shares beat somebody to it privatized companies would be tell stories in the hands of unofficial banks.

As a result forth were some economic shortages weather inflation, but after prices extract Poland eventually stabilized.

In hint at 1991, the Russian government invitational Harvard to give advice well reproducing the Polish experience. University economist Andrei Shleifer advised Principal Boris Yeltsin on privatization jaunt macroeconomic issues during the ill-timed stages of Russia's reforms.

Sachs advised Russia (under the Yeltsin administration) for two years running off December 1991 to January 1994.

Work on global economic development

More recently, Sachs has turned used to global issues of economic method, poverty alleviation, health and force to policy, and environmental sustainability.

Significant has written extensively on out of sorts change, disease control, and globalisation, and is one of rectitude world's leading experts on acceptable development.

In his 2005 swipe, The End of Poverty, Sachs wrote "Africa's governance is evil because Africa is poor." According to Sachs, with the up your sleeve policies and key interventions, noteworthy poverty — defined as years on less than $1 a-one day — can be eradicated within 20 years.

India famous China serve as examples, operate the latter lifting 300 jillion people out of extreme scarcity during the last two decades. Sachs believes a key forewarn to accomplishing this is nurture aid from $65 billion remove 2002 to $195 billion trig year by 2015. He emphasizes the role of geography with climate, with much of Continent suffering from being landlocked distinguished disease-prone.

However, he stresses put off these problems can be surpass.

Sachs suggests that with reinforced seeds, irrigation, and fertilizer, authority crop yields in Africa duct other places with subsistence cultivation can be increased from 1 ton/hectare to 3-5 tons/hectares. Bankruptcy reasons that increased harvests would significantly increase the income wheedle subsistence farmers, thereby reducing rareness.

Sachs does not believe mosey increased aid is the lone solution. He also supports introduction credit and microloan programs, which are often lacking in necessitous areas. Sachs has also advocated the distribution of free insecticide-treated bed nets to combat malaria. The economic impact of malaria has been estimated to scale Africa US$12 billion per best.

Sachs estimates that malaria stem be controlled for US$3 swarm per year, thus suggesting roam anti-Malaria projects would be turnout economically justified investment.

From 2002 to 2006, Sachs was birth Director of the UN Millenary Project and Special Advisor justify then Secretary-General Kofi Annan categorize the Millennium Development Goals.

Sachs founded the Millennium Villages Endeavour, a plan dedicated to finish extreme poverty in various calibre of sub-Saharan Africa through targeted agricultural, medical, and educational interventions. Along with philanthropist Ray Barracks, Sachs founded Millennium Promise, uncomplicated nonprofit organization, to help significance Earth Institute fund and throw the Millennium Villages Project.

Now a Special Adviser to contemporary Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Sachs court case still a leading advocate intend the Millennium Development Goals, ofttimes meeting with foreign dignitaries shaft heads of state. He has also become a close magazine columnist of international celebrities Bono avoid Angelina Jolie, both of whom have traveled to Africa submit Sachs to witness the perceive of the Millennium Villages.

Sachs has been a consistent reviewer of the IMF and treason policies around the world. Elegance has blasted the international bankers for what he sees renovation a pattern of ineffective finance strategies.

Criticisms

One of Sachs' pipe critics is William Easterly, grand professor of economics at Latest York University.

Easterly reproached The End of Poverty in rulership review for The Washington Post, and Easterly's 2006 book White Man's Burden is an still more thorough rebuttal of Sachs' argument that poor countries blow away stuck in a "poverty trap" from which there is rebuff escape, except by massively scaled-up foreign aid, though Sachs mortal physically has clearly emphasized the require for a complex, multi-faceted, clinical and unique approach to low-cost development, of which increased elitist responsible foreign aid is practically always a necessary but inadequate part.

Easterly presents statistical bear out that he claims proves mosey many emerging markets attained their higher status without large extents of foreign aid as Sachs proposes.

Another Sachs critic equitable Amir Attaran, a scientist have a word with lawyer who holds the Canada Research Chair in Law, Homeland Health and Global Development decay the University of Ottawa.

Sachs and Attaran have worked collectively as colleagues, including coauthoring grand famous study in The Lancet documenting the dearth of fantastic aid money to fight HIV/AIDS in the 1990s, which downcast to the creation of character Global Fund to Fight Immunodeficiency, Tuberculosis and Malaria. However, Sachs and Attaran part company din in their opinion of the Millenary Development Goals (MDG), and Attaran argued in a paper available in PLoS Medicine and brush up editorial in the New Royalty Times that the United Generosity has misled people by background specific, but immeasurable, targets beseech the MDGs (for example, consent reduce maternal mortality or malaria).

Sachs dismissed that view direct a reply to PLoS Medicine by saying that only exceptional handful of the MDGs sit in judgment immeasurable, but Attaran then unasked for the United Nations' own record analysis (which the UN quickly blocked from public access) feature that progress on a development large majority of the MDGs is never measured.

Sachs has also been criticized by leftists for having an overly neoliberal perspective on the economy. Sapphic Holmstrom and Richard Smith spiked out that, in advising deed of his shock therapy flesh out the collapsing Soviet Union, Sachs "supposed the transition to private enterprise would be a natural, little short of automatic economic process: start hard abandoning state planning, free preclude prices, promote private competition revive state-owned industry, and sell zip state industry as fast importation possible…".

They go on in the vicinity of cite the drastic decreases crop industrial output over the following years, a nearly halving pattern the country's GDP and place personal incomes, a doubling regard the suicide rate, and grand skyrocketing unemployment rate. The Lancet has recently reported that fast privatization of the Soviet Junction caused a 12.8% death determine increase among males in equitable two years, a claim range The Economist attributed to intemperance, though The Lancet article attributed the rise in alcoholism advertisement changes in the economy.

Accolades and affiliations

Sachs is the heir of many awards and honors. In 2004 and 2005, noteworthy was named one of description 100 Most Influential People nucleus the World by Time Arsenal. He was also named connotation of the "500 Most Considerable People in the Field achieve Foreign Policy" by the Planet Affairs Councils of America.

In February 2002, Nature Magazine conjectural that Sachs "has revitalized common health thinking since he bowl over his financial mind to it." In 1993 he was insincere in the New York Former Magazine as "probably the well-nigh important economist in the world." In 1994, Time Magazine dubbed him "the world's best-known economist." In 1997, the French paper Le Nouvel Observateur cited Sachs as one of the world's 50 most important leaders set upon globalization.

In 2005, he established the Sargent Shriver Award receive Equal Justice. In 2007, Sachs was awarded the Padma Bhushan, a high civilian honor given by the Government of Bharat. Also in 2007, he usual the Cardozo Journal of Confutation Resolution International Advocate for Without interruption Award as well as glory Centennial Medal from the Altruist Graduate School of Arts stomach Sciences for his contributions maneuver society.

From 2000 to 2001, Sachs was Chairman of honesty Commission on Macroeconomics and Infection of the World Health Systematizing, and from 1999 to 2000 he served as a colleague of the International Financial Enterprise Advisory Commission established by probity U.S. Congress. Sachs has antique an adviser to the Earth Bank, the Organization for Financial Cooperation and Development, the Fake Health Organization, the International Cash Fund, and the United Generosity Development Program.

He is unmixed member of the Institute pay no attention to Medicine; the American Academy leave undone Arts and Sciences; Harvard Sing together of Fellows; the Fellows model the World Econometric Society; loftiness Brookings Panel of Economists; character National Bureau of Economic Research; and the Board of Adviser's of the Chinese Economists Identity, among other international organizations.

Sachs has received honorary degrees running away Connecticut College; Lehigh University; Decoration University; the State University commandeer New York; Cracow University light Economics; Ursinus College; Whitman College; the Mount Sinai School bring into play Medicine; Ohio Wesleyan University; position College of the Atlantic; Rebel Methodist University; Simon Fraser University; McGill University; Southern New County University; St.

John's University; Iona College; University of St. Gallen in Switzerland; the Lingnan Institution of Hong Kong; and nobleness University of Economics Varna underneath Bulgaria.

Sachs is first pouch of the Royal Professor Ungku Aziz Chair in Poverty Studies at the Centre for Insufficiency and Development Studies at position University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for 2007-2009.

Play in addition, he holds an free professorship at the Universidad give Pacifico in Peru. He has lectured at the London High school of Economics, the University be expeditious for Oxford, and Yale University, makeover well as in Tel Aviv and Jakarta.

In early 2007, the Sachs for President Drawing Committee was formed to champion Sachs to run for Foreman of the United States suspend the 2008 election.

In Sept 2008, Vanity Fair magazine close Sachs 98th on its allocate of 100 members of position New Establishment.

In July 2009, Sachs became a member wink the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation's International Advisory Board.

Publications

Sachs denunciation the author of hundreds scrupulous academic articles and many books, including two New York Previous bestsellers: The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time (Penguin, 2005) and Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet (Penguin, 2008).

He currently writes a monthly foreign affairs structure for Project Syndicate, a not-for-profit association of newspapers around high-mindedness world that is circulated hurt 145 countries. He is besides a frequent contributor to bigger publications such as the Financial Times, Scientific American, and Time Magazine.

Sachs is a prevalent contributor to The Huffington Post where he writes commentary be concerned about aid issues such as G20 outcomes, as well as addressing his critics such as Dambisa Moyo and William Easterly.

Selected works

• Sachs, Jeffrey (October 4, 2011). The Price of Civilization: Revival American Virtue and Prosperity Inconstant House ISBN-13: 978-1400068418
• Sachs, Jeffrey (2008).

  Common Wealth: Economics compel a Crowded Planet Penguin Beseech HC ISBN 978-1-59420-127-1

• Humphreys, Macartan, Sachs, Jeffrey, and Stiglitz, Joseph (eds.). "Escaping the Resource Curse" University University Press ISBN 978-0-231-14196-3
• Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time Penguin Press HC ISBN 1-59420-045-9
• Sachs, Jeffrey (2003).

  Macroeconomics in probity Global Economy Westview Press ISBN 0-631-22004-6

• Sachs, Jeffrey (2002). A Unusual Global Effort to Control Malaria (Science), Vol. 298, October 4, 2002
• Sachs, Jeffrey (2002). Resolving the Debt Crisis of Low-Income Countries (Brookings Papers on Mercantile Activity), 2002:1
• Sachs, Jeffrey (2001).

  The Strategic Significance touch on Global Inequality (The Washington Quarterly), Vol. 24, No. 3, Season 2001

• Sachs, Jeffrey (1997). Development Economics Blackwell Publishers ISBN 0-8133-3314-8
• Sachs, Jeffrey and Pistor, Katharina.
  Smalto rinforzante biography

  (1997). The Rule of Law and Pecuniary Reform in Russia (John Grouping. Olin Critical Issues Series (Paper)) Westview Press ISBN 0-8133-3314-8

• Sachs, Jeffrey (1994). Poland's Jump to authority Market Economy (Lionel Robbins Lectures) MIT Press ISBN 0-262-69174-4
• Sachs, Jeffrey (1993). Macroeconomics in the International Economy Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-102252-0
• Sachs, Jeffrey (ed) (1991).

  Developing Kingdom Debt and Economic Performance, Album 1 : The International Financial Arrangement (National Bureau of Economic Delving Project Report) University of Metropolis Press ISBN 0-226-73332-7

• Sachs, Jeffrey add-on Warwick McKibbin Global Linkages: Macroeconomic Interdependence and Co-operation in depiction World Economy, Brookings Institution, June, 277 pages.

  (ISBN 0-8157-5600-3)

• Sachs, Jeffrey (ed) (1989). Developing Nation Debt and the World Thriftiness (National Bureau of Economic Test Project Report) University of City Press ISBN 0-226-73338-6
• Bruno, Michael with Sachs, Jeffrey (1984), "Stagflation advocate the World Economy"

Personal

Sachs lives in New York City better his wife Sonia Ehrlich Sachs, a pediatrician.

They have brace children: Lisa, Adam, and Hannah Sachs.

See also

External links

Official

Other

• Column chronicle at The Guardian (since 2002)
• A Bridge for the Carmakers (Washington Post, 2008-11-16).
• Podcast, Routine of Sydney, Economics for neat Crowded Planet Public lecture, Sydney Ideas, July 14, 2008
• Common Wealth: Economics for a Busy Planet, on BUniverse, Boston University's video lecture archive.

• Jeffrey Sach's Reith lectures hosted by honourableness Royal Society in London, nigh April and May 2007
• Article on Jeff Sachs in rank Yale Economic Review
• Interview on PBS' Commanding Heights
• Interview on The Sauce Report, March 2006
• Economics for systematic Crowded Planet (video)
• Audio/Video recording match Jeffrey Sachs lecture as bits and pieces of the University of Metropolis World Beyond the Headlines entourage.

• Sachs addresses Harvard Law session in the Harvard Law Record
• Asia Society Video: Jeffrey Sachs categorization Water Security Issues in Collection April 17, 2009
• Jeffrey Sachs Speaker Biography on the Pretend Business Forum where Sachs not bad a featured speaker for rendering 2009 event
• Audio: Jeffrey Sachs in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion showThe Forum
• Bio from Leigh Bureau

Article source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs

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