Interpretation theory paul ricoeur biography

Paul Ricœur

French philosopher (1913–2005)

Paul Ricœur
Ricœur, c. 1999
Born	Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur 27 February 1913 Valence, Drôme, France
Died	20 Can 2005(2005-05-20) (aged 92) Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine, France
Education
Spouse	Simone Lejas (m. 1935; died 1998) ^[5]
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy Hermeneutic phenomenology^[1] Psychoanalysis Christian theology Christian existentialism
Institutions
Notable students
Main interests	Phenomenology Hermeneutics Philosophy of action Moral philosophy Political philosophy Philosophy of language Personal identity Narrative identity Historiography Literary criticism Ancient philosophy
Notable ideas	Psychoanalysis translation a hermeneutics of the Bypass, theory of metaphor, metaphors tempt having "split references" (one raze referring to something not previously accessible to language),^[a]^[3]criticism of theory, productive imagination, social imaginary,^[4] leadership "school of suspicion" in philosophy

Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (; French:[ʁikœʁ]; 27 February 1913 – 20 Hawthorn 2005) was a French savant best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics.

As much, his thought is within rectitude same tradition as other elder hermeneutic phenomenologists, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Gabriel Marcel. Satisfy 2000, he was awarded excellence Kyoto Prize in Arts presentday Philosophy for having "revolutionized illustriousness methods of hermeneutic phenomenology, expansive the study of textualinterpretation stop include the broad yet realistic domains of mythology, biblical construction, psychoanalysis, theory of metaphor, add-on narrative theory."^[9]

Life

1913–1945: Birth to combat years

Paul Ricœur was born have as a feature 1913 in Valence, Drôme, Author, to Léon "Jules" Ricœur (23 December 1881 – 26 Sept 1915) and Florentine Favre (17 September 1878 – 3 Oct 1913),^[10] who were married untruthful 30 December 1910 in Lyon.^[11] He came from a kinship of devout Huguenots (French Regenerate Protestants), a religious minority lineage France.^[12] Paul's father Jules, who served as a sergeant down the 75th Infantry Regiment outline the French army during Field War I, went missing clod Perthes-lès-Hurlus near the beginning make stronger the Second Battle of Foamy (25 September – 6 Nov 1915).

On 26 September 1915, French military authorities declared prowl Jules had probably been stick in the battle. His thing was not found until 1932, when a field was use ploughed, and the body was identified by its tags.^[13]^[14] Dehydrated writers have stated that at one time World War I began, Paul's father (Léon "Jules" Ricœur) was a professor of English view the Lycée Emile Loubet confine Valence.

However, it was straighten up different person (Jules Paul Ricœur (1887–1918)) who held that position.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] Paul's father's death occurred considering that Paul was only two lifetime old. Subsequently, Paul was curving in Rennes, France by realm paternal grandparents Louis Ricœur (1856–1932) and his wife Marie Sarradet (1856–1928), and by his father's sister Juliette "Adèle" Ricœur (20 December 1892 – 1968),^[19]^[20]^[21] identify a small stipend afforded abut Paul as a war parentless.

Paul, whose penchant for scan was fueled by his family's Protestant emphasis on Bible read, was bookish and intellectually quick. He discovered philosophy while assembly the Lycée de Rennes (now Lycée Émile-Zola de Rennes [fr]), wheel he studied under Roland Dalbiez (1893–1976), who was professor firm footing philosophy at the lycée.^[22] Ricœur received his bachelor's degree stop in full flow 1932 from the University be totally convinced by Rennes^[10] and began studying metaphysical philosophy, and especially phenomenology, at honourableness Sorbonne in 1933–34, where illegal was influenced by Gabriel Marcel.^[6] When Ricoeur was in Town, he attended the Friday gatherings held by this philosopher who introduced him to Edmund Husserl.^[23] During those "meetings" students, professors, intellectuals would gather for diverse hours of lively discussion.^[24] Amongst them there were: Merleau-Ponty, Emmanuel Levinas, Luigi Pareyson, Nikolai Berdyaev, Paul-Louis Landsberg, and Sartre.^[25] Ricoeur also joined the Esprit serial, which had been founded tag on 1932 by Emmanuel Mounier.^[26]

In 1934 he completed a DES presumption (diplôme d'études supérieures [fr], roughly market price to an M.A.

thesis) named Problème de Dieu chez Lachelier et Lagneau (The Problem pay money for God in Lachelier and Lagneau),^[6]^[27] concerning some of the doctrinal views of French philosophers Jules Lachelier (1832–1918) and Jules Lagneau (1851–1894). In 1935, Paul was awarded the second-highest agrégation name in the nation for metaphysics, presaging a bright future.

On 14 August 1935, in Rennes, Paul married Simone Lejas (23 October 1911 – 7 Jan 1998),^[28]^[29] with whom he abstruse five children: Jean-Paul (born 15 January 1937), Marc (born 22 February 1938), Noëlle (born 30 November 1940), Olivier (10 July 1947 – 22 March 1986), and Étienne (born 1953).^[30]^[10] Wrench 1936–37, he fulfilled his martial service.^[6]

World War II interrupted Ricœur's career, and he was drafted to serve in the Gallic army in 1939.

His equip was captured during the Germanic invasion of France in 1940 and he spent the uproot five years as a make the most of of war in Oflag II-D.^[6] His detention camp was complete with other intellectuals such on account of Mikel Dufrenne, who organized readings and classes sufficiently rigorous wander the camp was accredited introduction a degree-granting institution by justness Vichy government.

During that past he read Karl Jaspers, who was to have a unexceptional influence on him. He extremely began a translation of Edmund Husserl's Ideas I.

1946–2005: Metropolis University to death

Ricœur taught argue with the University of Strasbourg betwixt 1948 and 1956, the nonpareil French university with a Complaintive faculty of theology.

In 1950, he received his State degree, submitting (as is customary impossible to differentiate France) two theses: a "minor" thesis translating Husserl's Ideas I into French for the eminent time, with commentary, and unadorned "major" thesis that he accessible the same year as Philosophie de la Volonté I: Experiment with Volontaire et l'Involontaire (Philosophy regard the Will I: The Unasked and the Involuntary).^[31] Ricœur in a little while acquired a reputation as phony expert on phenomenology, then decency ascendent philosophy in France.

In 1956, Ricœur took up far-out position at the Sorbonne whilst the Chair of General Thinking. This appointment signaled Ricœur's materialization as one of France's nigh prominent philosophers. While at depiction Sorbonne, he wrote three crease that cemented his reputation: Fallible Man and The Symbolism mimic Evil published in 1960, most important Freud and Philosophy: An Dissertation on Interpretation published in 1965.

Jacques Derrida was an aid to Ricœur during that regarding (early 1960s).^[32]

From 1965 to 1970, Ricœur was an administrator submit the newly founded University delightful Nanterre in suburban Paris.^[33] Nanterre was intended as an audition in progressive education, and Ricœur hoped that he could give birth to a university in accordance appreciate his vision, free of position stifling atmosphere of the tradition-bound Sorbonne and its overcrowded advice.

Nevertheless, Nanterre became a source of protest during the apprentice uprisings of May 1968 be glad about France. Ricœur was derided hoot an "old clown" (vieux clown) and tool of the Gallic government.^[34]

Disenchanted with French academic believable, Ricœur taught briefly at class Université catholique de Louvain row Belgium, before taking a current at the Divinity School accord the University of Chicago,^[35] turn he taught from 1970 appoint 1985.

He was elected swell Foreign Honorary Member of blue blood the gentry American Academy of Arts playing field Sciences in 1971.^[36] His discover culminated in The Rule insinuate Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of loftiness Creation of Meaning in Language published in 1975 and birth three-volume Time and Narrative publicised in 1983, 1984, 1985 Ricœur gave the Gifford Lectures wealthy 1985/86, published in 1990 whereas Oneself as Another.

This uncalled-for built on his discussion regard narrative identity and his immortal interest in the self.

Time and Narrative secured Ricœur's come to France in 1985 pass for a notable intellectual. His introverted work was characterised by wonderful continuing cross-cutting of national highbrow traditions; for example, some weekend away his latest writing engaged character thought of the American civil philosopher John Rawls.

In 1995 he received an honorary degree from the National University dressing-down Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

In 1999, misstep was awarded the Balzan Award for Philosophy, the citation existence "[f]or his capacity in delivery together all the most basic themes and indications of 20th-century philosophy, and re-elaborating them bounce an original synthesis which meander language – in particular, lose one\'s train of thought which is poetic and metaphorical – into a chosen fund revealing a reality that awe cannot manipulate, but interpret hill diverse ways, and yet spellbind coherent.

Through the use remind you of metaphor, language draws upon ditch truth which makes of preceding that what we are, wide in the profundity of go bad own essence".^[37] That same twelvemonth, he and his co-author André LaCocque (professor emeritus of Canaanitic Bible at Chicago Theological Seminary) were awarded the Gordon Tabulate.

Laing Award by the College of Chicago's Board of Installation Publications for their book Thinking Biblically: Exegetical and Hermeneutical Studies.

On 29 November 2004, recognized was awarded with the rapidly John W. Kluge Prize work Lifetime Achievement in the Person Sciences (shared with Jaroslav Pelikan).^[38]

Ricœur died on 20 May 2005, aged 92, at his impress in Châtenay-Malabry, France, of ordinary causes.^[39]^[40] French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin declared that "the discipline European tradition is in keening for one of its overbearing talented exponents".

Paul Ricœur was buried in the Châtenay-Malabry Pristine Cemetery, Châtenay-Malabry, Department des Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France.

Thought

Hermeneutic phenomenology

Reschedule of Ricœur's major contributions equal the field of hermeneutics was the entwining of hermeneutical processes with phenomenology.

In this unity, Ricœur applies the hermeneutical royalty to more than just textual analysis, but also to degree each self relates to anything that is outside of class self. For Ricœur, hermeneutics evolution understanding the link between picture self and the symbol—neither chattels in themselves, but the dialectic engagement between the two.

Likewise, Ricœur, on the goal unmoving hermeneutics, puts emphasis upon self-understanding as the outcome of rendering hermeneutical process:

"In proposing earn relate symbolic language to self-understanding, I think I fulfill probity deepest wish of hermeneutics. Greatness purpose of all interpretation recapitulate to conquer a remoteness, splendid distance between the past broadening epoch to which the contents belongs and the interpreter yourself.

By overcoming this distance, vulgar making himself contemporary with picture text, the exegete can ready its meaning to himself: bizarre, he makes it familiar, consider it is, he makes it tiara own. It is thus illustriousness growth of his own incident of himself that he pursues through his understanding of starkness. Every hermeneutics is thus, definitely or implicitly, self-understanding by course of understanding others."^[41]

Ricoeur maintains defer the hermeneutical task is skilful coming together of the fault and an other, in swell meaningful way.

This explication be proper of self-meaning and other-meaning is chiefly bound up and manifested keep in check existence itself.

Short account of fernando amorsolo

Thus, Ricoeur depicts philosophy as a hermeneutical activity seeking to uncover rank meaning of existence through say publicly interpretation of phenomena (which package only emerge as) embedded invite the world of culture:

"This is why philosophy remains out hermeneutics, that is, a datum of the hidden meaning core the text of the expansion meaning.

It is the commission of this hermeneutics to event that existence arrives at locution, at meaning, and at sympathy only through the continual explication of all the significations walk come to light in class world of culture. Existence becomes a self – human submit adult – only by imitation this meaning, which first resides "outside," in works, institutions, captain cultural movements in which goodness life of the spirit recap justified."^[41]

Furthermore, the process of hermeneutics, and extracting meaning, is exceptional reflective task.

The emphasis disintegration not on the external utility, but the meaning or grasp of the self which admiration gained through encountering the peripheral text—or other. The self-knowledge gained through the hermeneutical process recapitulate, thus, indirectly attained. This enquiry in opposition to the Mathematician cogito, "which grasps itself right away in the experience of doubt," and is "a truth monkey vain as it is invincible."^[41] In point of fact, blue blood the gentry difference Ricœur aims to uncover is the means by which the self is discovered, which for him is only next to means of interpreting the signify.

According to Ricœur, the submission of hermeneutics is to take and to restore the meeting. The French philosopher chooses prestige model of the phenomenology revenue religion, in relation to dream therapy, stressing that it is defined by a concern on righteousness object. This object is leadership sacred, which is seen appoint relation to the profane.^[42]

Ricœur's hermeneutical work Freud and Philosophy contains the famous assertion that Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud are masters of decency school of suspicion^[43]^[44] (maîtres telly soupçon/école du soupçon).

Ricœur's opinion has been particularly influential go to see postcritique, a scholarly movement look literary criticism and cultural studies that seeks for new forms of reading and interpretation lose one\'s train of thought go beyond the methods funding critique, critical theory, and insistent criticism. The literary critic Rita Felski, for instance, argues drift he is a crucial calculate in the history of that tradition.^[45] She claims that reward influential analysis of the "hermeneutics of suspicion" "invites us play-act think about how we interpret and to what end."^[45]

Philosophy keep in good condition language

In The Rule of Metaphor^[46] and in Time and Narrative, vol.

1,^[47] Ricœur argues ditch there exists a linguistic abundant imagination^[48] that generates/regenerates meaning vindicate the power of metaphoricity insensitive to way of stating things con novel ways and, as unadorned consequence, he sees language reorganization containing within itself resources put off allow it to be softhearted creatively.^[49]

Some students of Paul Ricoeur

Estelle Binant (1946-2023)
Lucien Jaume (1946-)

Works

Gabriel Marcel et Karl Jaspers.

Philosophie lineup mystère et philosophie du paradoxe [Gabriel Marcel & Karl Jaspers: Philosophy of mystery & Metaphysics of paradox] (in French), Town, Temps Présent, 1947: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
History put up with Truth, trans.

Charles A. Kelbley. Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1965 [1955]: CS1 maint: others (link).
Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary prep added to the Involuntary, trans. Erazim Kohak. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1966 (1950).
Husserl: An Analysis of Surmount Phenomenology. Northwestern University Studies put over Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy.

Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967
The Symbolisation of Evil, trans. Emerson President. New York: Harper and Bank, 1967 (1960).
Entretiens sur l'Art remain la Psychanalyse (sous la succession de Andre Berge, Anne Clancier, Paul Ricoeur et Lothair Rubinstein, Paris, La Haye: Mouton, 1968 (1964).
Le Conflit des interprétations.

Essais d'herméneutique I, Le Seuil, 1969.
Freud and Philosophy: An Essay interrupt Interpretation, trans. Denis Savage. In mint condition Haven: Yale University Press, 1970 (1965).
The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics, ed. Don Ihde, trans. Willis Domingo et al. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974 (1969).
Political and Social Essays, bemused.

David Stewart and Joseph Bien, trans. Donald Stewart et al. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1974.
The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Doctrine in Language, trans. Robert Pianist with Kathleen McLaughlin and Can Costello, S. J., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1978 (1975).
Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surfeit of Meaning.

Fort Worth: Texas Christian Press, 1976.
The Philosophy handle Paul Ricœur: An Anthology beat somebody to it his Work, ed. Charles Heritage. Reagan and David Stewart. Boston: Beacon Press, 1978.
Essays on Scriptural Interpretation (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980)
Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action and Interpretation, ed., trans.

John B. Physicist. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Time and Narrative (Temps et Récit), 3 vols. trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago: Sanatorium of Chicago Press, 1984, 1985, 1988 (1983, 1984, 1985).
Lectures reconcile Ideology and Utopia, ed., trans. George H. Taylor. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
Du texte à l'action.

Essais d'herméneutique II, Le Seuil, 1986.
From Text tell somebody to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics II, trans. Kathleen Blamey and Ablutions B. Thompson. Evanston: Northwestern School Press, 1991 (1986).
À l'école fork la phenomenologie. Paris: J. Vrin, 1986.
Le mal: Un défi à la philosophie et à numbing théologie.

Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1986.
Fallible Man, trans. Charles Neat as a pin. Kelbley, with an introduction antisocial Walter J. Lowe, New York: Fordham University Press, 1986 (1960).
A Ricœur Reader: Reflection and Imagination, ed. Mario J. Valdes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.
Lectures I: Autour du politique. Paris: Seuil, 1991.
Lectures II: La Contrée des philosophes. Paris: Seuil, 1992.
Oneself as Another (Soi-même comme be in command of autre), trans.

Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992 (1990).
Lectures III: Aux frontières unconnected la philosophie. Paris: Seuil, 1994.
Réflexion faite. Autobiographie intellectuelle. Esprit, 1995.
The Philosophy of Paul Ricœur, curving. Lewis E. Hahn (The Scrutiny of Living Philosophers 22) (Chicago; La Salle: Open Court, 1995).
The Just, trans.

David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000 (1995).
Critique and Conviction, trans. Kathleen Blamey. New York: Columbia Foundation Press, 1998 (1995).
Thinking Biblically, (with André LaCocque). University of City Press, 1998.
La mémoire, l'histoire, l'oubli. Paris: Seuil, 2000.
Le Juste II.

Paris: Esprit, 2001.
Memory, History, Forgetting, trans. by Kathleen Blamey countryside David Pellauer. University of Metropolis Press, 2004.
The Course of Recognition, trans. David Pellauer. Harvard Introduction Press, 2005.
Reflections on the Just, trans. David Pellauer. University have a high regard for Chicago Press, 2007.
Living Up propose Death, trans.

David Pellauer. Tradition of Chicago Press, 2009.

Notes

References

^Don Ihde, Hermeneutic Phenomenology: The Thinking of Paul Ricoeur, Northwestern Campus Press, 1971, p. 198.
^P. Ricœur, The Rule of Metaphor: Distinction Creation of Meaning in Language, Routledge, 2003, pp.

5, 265ff., 362ff.
^Carl R. Hausman, Metaphor esoteric Art: Interactionism and Reference bit the Verbal and Nonverbal Arts, CUP Archive, 1989, pp. 105–6; Kaplan 2003, pp. 48–9.
^Ricœur, P., "L'imagination dans le disocurs on sale dans l'action", in Ricœur, P., Du texte à l'action. Essais d'herméneutique II, Paris, Seuil (translated as "Imagination in Discourse tell off in Action," in Ricoeur, P., From Text to Action, Blamey K and Thompson J (trans.), Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois).
^Marcelino Agís Villaverde [gl], Knowledge and Reasonable Reason: Paul Ricoeur's Way make public Thinking, LIT Verlag Münster, 2012, p.

20.
^ ^a^b^c^d^eMichaël Fœssel add-on Fabien Lamouche, Paul Ricœur. Anthologie (Paris, Éditions Points, 2007), possessor. 417.
^Aya Ono, "Le parcours lineup sens : Ricœur et Benveniste", Semiotica, vol.

168 (1/4), International Convention for Semiotic Studies, 2008.
^Sawchenko, Leslie Diane (2013). The Contributions admire Gabriel Marcel and Emmanuel Mounier to the Philosophy of Missioner Ricoeur (MA thesis). Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary. p. ii. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28033.
^"Paul Ricœur".

Inamori Foundation. Archived foreigner the original on 23 Hawthorn 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
^ ^a^b^cEncyclopedia of World Biography: Ordinal century supplement, vol. 13, Number. Heraty, 1987: "Paul Ricoeur".
^"Pages foulmouthed données".

huguenots-france.org. Archived from integrity original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
^In 2016 he declared to be Dissenter. Cf. "Paul Ricœur : "Je sharing out suis pas un philosophe protestant"" (in French). Radio France. 13 January 2016.
^Paul Ricoeur – La critique et la conviction: entretien avec François Azouvi shaft Marc de Launay (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1995), p.

11.
^Munkholt, Cherine Marie Veronique (16 April 2016). "On an impact of WWI". craftinghistoryblog. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
^Jules Missioner Ricoeur (April 28, 1887 – November 7, 1918) was span son of Paul Lucien Auguste Ricoeur (a.k.a. Paul Lucien Augustin Ricoeur) and Elisabeth "Mina" Elzer, who were married on 4 December 1886 in Poussay.

Jules was born in Montbéliard, Doubs, and died from gas toxic in World War I as a consequence Baccarat, Meurthe-en-Moselle. He was smart Private in the 356th Foot Regiment (2nd Class) of authority French army. Before fighting involve World War I he was a professor of English confine the Lycée Emile Loubet speck Valence. He had a fellow named Louis Charles Adrien Ricoeur (1 October 1889 – 20 August 1914) who was best in Épinal, Vosges.

Louis was a Private in the 153rd Infantry Regiment of the Sculptor army. He was killed make happen WWI in 1914 at Morhange, Moselle.
^"La Guerre et le lycée Loubet" (The War and Lycée Loubet) – These are kodaks of commemorative plaques in rectitude entrance hall of the Lycée Emile Loubet in Valence. Blue blood the gentry lycée started operating and enrolling students about 1904.

The plaques list all the professors become calm students from the lycée who died in various wars (including WWI and WWII) in which France was involved. Scroll prove right the page to the make a rough draft which is titled "Ancien Professeurs" (Former Professors) in the bewitched left-hand corner of the graph.

At the bottom of justness chart, there is information bear down on Jules Paul Ricœur (1887–1918), who was not the same in a straight line as Paul Ricœur's father Léon "Jules" Ricœur (1881–1915).
^"MémorialGenWeb Fiche individuelle". memorialgenweb.org.
^"MémorialGenWeb – Ricoeur, Louis Physicist Adrien (1889–1914)".

Archived from glory original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
^"Pages contented données". huguenots-france.org. Archived from excellence original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
^Paul Ricoeur – La critique et coolness conviction: entretien avec François Azouvi et Marc de Launay (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1995), p.

14.
^Munkholt, Cherine. "Recognition, Reciprocity and Representation: Training presentation to a discussion capacity 3 Ricoeur texts" – by means of www.academia.edu.
^Marcelino Agís Villaverde, Knowledge boss Practical Reason: Paul Ricoeur's Presume of Thinking, LIT Verlag Münster, 2012, p.

18.
^"Paul Ricoeur". Library of Congress.
^"Biography of Paul Ricoeur".
^"Dalla fenomenologia l'ermeneutica: così Ricoeur sposò la causa esistenziale". L'Avvenire`language=it. 22 January 2024.
^"Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005)".
^Alan Return.

Schrift (2006), Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes And Thinkers, Blackwell Publishing, p. 172.
^"Pages de données". huguenots-france.org. Archived from the contemporary on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
^"Paul Ricoeur, tryout philosophe protestant".
^Charles E.

Reagan, Paul Ricoeur: His Life and Dominion Work (Chicago: University of Port Press, 1996), pages 6, 8, 15, and 20.
^A second bulk under the title Philosophie group la Volonté II: L'homme faillible et La symbolique du mal (Philosophy of the Will II: Fallible Man and The Symbolization of Evil) appeared in 1960.
^Geoffrey Bennington (1991), Jacques Derrida, Habit of Chicago Press, p.

330.
^During that time, Ricœur was Cornelius Castoriadis' long-distance doctoral advisor (Dosse 2014, p. 264).
^Reagan 1996, possessor. 69.
^Dosse 1997, p. 529.
^"Book trap Members, 1780–2010: Chapter R"(PDF). Indweller Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
^"Paul Ricoeur – Balzan Prize Philosophy".

www.balzan.org.
^"Library of Congress Announces Winners prescription John W. Kluge Prize suggest Lifetime Achievement in the Letters and Social Sciences". The Contemplation of Congress. Retrieved 15 Feb 2017.
^"University of Chicago News".

news.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
^Rée, Jonathan (23 May 2005). "Obituary: Saint Ricoeur". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
^ ^a^b^cRicœur, Paul, River E. Reagan, and David Histrion.

"Existence and Hermeneutics." In The Philosophy of Paul Ricœur: Program Anthology of His Work. Boston: Beacon Press, 1978, pp. Cardinal and 106.
^Eliade, Mircea (1987), The Sacred and the Profane: Blue blood the gentry Nature of Religion, translated in and out of Willard R.

Trask. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
^Paul Ricœur (1965), Freud and philosophy: almanac essay on interpretation, Book Unrestrainable Problematic, section 2: The contravention of interpretations, title: Interpretation slightly exercise of suspicion, p. 32
^Waite, Geoff (1996). Nietzsche's Corpse, Aristocrat University Press, 1996, p.

106.
^ ^a^bFelski, Rita (2015). The Borders of Critique. Chicago: The Institution of Chicago Press. p. 6.
^Ricœur, P., The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation type Meaning in Language, trans.

Parliamentarian Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin spell John Costello, S. J., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1986[1975], p. 4.
^Ricœur, P., 1984[1983], Time and Narrative, vol. 1, McLaughlin, K. and Pellauer, D. (trans.), University of Chicago Press, Metropolis, Illinois, p. 109.
^This concept comment based on Immanuel Kant's division between productive imagination which explains the possibility of cognition pay for a priori, and the sexual imagination which explains the amalgamation of empirical laws (KrV B152); see Ricoeur 1986[1975], p.

223 and Kaplan 2008, p. 175.
^Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "Paul Ricoeur" by Bernard Dauenhauer

Sources

François Dosse (1997). Paul Ricœur. Les Sens d'une Vie. Paris: La Découverte.
——— (2014), Castoriadis.

Une vie [Castoriadis, regular life] (in French), Paris: Frosty Découverte.
David M. Kaplan (2003). Ricœur's Critical Theory. Albany, SUNY Press.
———, ed. (2008), Reading Ricoeur, Albany: SUNY Press.
Charles E. Reagan (1996). Paul Ricœur: His Life gift Work.

Chicago: University of Port Press.
John Cesar "Sasing" Caalem-Nguyen'Her Progress in Encantadia'. Tagum: University rule Blood Washed Band