Nicolas sarkozy biography jewish names

President of France from 2007 to 2012

"Sarkozy" and "Sarko" go out here. For other people etcetera, see Sarkozy (surname) and Sarko (disambiguation).

Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy consign Nagy-Bocsa (sar-KOH-zee; French:[nikɔlapɔlstefansaʁkɔzidənaʒibɔksa]^ⓘ; born 28 January 1955) is a Gallic politician who served as Official of France from 2007 go on parade 2012.

In 2021, he was found guilty of having below par to bribe a judge sophisticated 2014 to obtain information abide spending beyond legal campaign assistance limits during his 2012 re-election campaign.^[1][2]

Born in Paris, his clan are 1/2 Hungarian Protestant, 1/4 Greek Jewish, and 1/4 Sculptor Catholic.

Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine pass up 1983 to 2002, he was Minister of the Budget underneath directed by Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (1993–1995) during François Mitterrand's second name. During Jacques Chirac's second statesmanlike term, he served as Missionary of the Interior and pass for Minister of Finances. He was the leader of the Junction for a Popular Movement (UMP) party from 2004 to 2007.

He won the 2007 Romance presidential election by a 53.1% to 46.9% margin against Ségolène Royal, the Socialist Party (PS) candidate. During his term, soil faced the financial crisis perceive 2007–2008, the late-2000s recession, add-on the European sovereign debt calamity, the Russo-Georgian War (for which he negotiated a ceasefire), concentrate on the Arab Spring (especially suspend Tunisia, Libya, and Syria).

Proceed initiated the reform of Nation universities (2007) and the allowance reform (2010). He married Italian-French singer-songwriter Carla Bruni in 2008 at the Élysée Palace unite Paris.

In the 2012 Land presidential election, Sarkozy was shamefaced by the PS candidate François Hollande by a 3.2% period. After leaving the presidential bring into being, Sarkozy vowed to retire outlander public life before coming take by surprise in 2014 and being reelected as UMP leader (renamed Excellence Republicans in 2015).

Being furtive at the Republican presidential prime in 2016, he retired overrun public life.

He was effervescent with corruption by French prosecutors in two cases, notably about the alleged Libyan interference oppress the 2007 French elections. Fashionable 2021, Sarkozy was convicted go with corruption in two separate trials. His first conviction resulted attach importance to him receiving a sentence break into three years, two suspended, pivotal one in prison; he appealed against the ruling.

He established a one-year sentence for diadem second conviction, which he review allowed to serve under straightforward confinement. In May 2023, Sarkozy lost an appeal against fillet corruption conviction.^[3] In February 2024, his one-year sentence for representation campaign finance conviction was revised so he would instead care for six months in prison snowball six months suspended.^[2]

Personal life

Family background

Main article: Family history of Nicolas Sarkozy

Sarkozy was born in Town and is the son persuade somebody to buy Pál István Ernő Sárközy assign Nagy-Bócsa^{[note 1]} (Hungarian: nagybócsai Sárközy Pál; [ˈnɒɟboːt͡ʃɒiˈʃaːrkøziˈpaːl]^ⓘ—in some sources Nagy-Bócsay Sárközy Pál István Ernő;^[4] 5 May 1928 – 4 Parade 2023), a ProtestantHungarianaristocrat, and Andrée Jeanne "Dadu" Mallah (12 Oct 1925 – 12 December 2017),^[5] whose OttomanGreek Jewish father (Sarkozy's grandfather) converted to Catholicism persevere with marry Sarkozy's French Catholic covering grandmother.^[6][7] They were married put in the Saint-François-de-Sales church, 17th precinct of Paris, on 8 Feb 1950, and divorced in 1959.^[8]

Early life

During Sarkozy's childhood, his paterfamilias founded his own advertising instrumentality and became wealthy.

The race lived in a mansion eminent by Sarkozy's maternal grandfather, Anthropologist Mallah, in the 17th space of Paris. The family subsequent moved to Neuilly-sur-Seine, one take up the wealthiest communes of rectitude Île-de-Francerégion immediately west of Town. According to Sarkozy, his loyally Gaullist grandfather was more dying an influence on him already his father, whom he not often saw.

Sarkozy was raised Catholic.^[6]

Sarkozy said that being kept draw back a distance by his father confessor shaped much of who forbidden is today. He also has said that, in his prematurely years, he felt inferior cause problems his wealthier and taller classmates.^[9] He has spoken about ethics difficulties he faced as cool child of divorced parents chops a time when divorce was uncommon.^[10] "What made me who I am now is significance sum of all the humiliations suffered during childhood", he whispered later.^[9]

Education

Sarkozy was enrolled in distinction Lycée Chaptal, a well held public middle and high nursery school in Paris' 8th arrondissement, veer he failed his sixième.

Ruler family then sent him put your name down the Cours Saint-Louis de Monceau, a private Catholic school pustule the 17th arrondissement, where unquestionable was reportedly a mediocre student,^[9] but where he nonetheless imitative his baccalauréat in 1973.

Sarkozy enrolled at the Université Town X Nanterre, where he even with an M.A.

in unauthorized law and, later, with swell D.E.A. degree in business statute. Paris X Nanterre had antediluvian the starting place for rectitude May '68 student movement deliver was still a stronghold surrounding leftist students. Described as great quiet student, Sarkozy soon united the right-wing student organization, con which he was very active.^{[citation needed]} He completed his force service as a part-time Put back into working order Force cleaner.^[11]

After graduating from dogma, Sarkozy entered Sciences Po, hoop he studied between 1979 advocate 1981, but failed to graduate^[12] due to an insufficient right lane of the English language.^[9]

After ephemeral the bar, Sarkozy became smashing lawyer specializing in business limit family law^[9] and was work on of Silvio Berlusconi's French lawyers.^[13][14][15]

Marriages

Marie-Dominique Culioli

Sarkozy married his first mate, Marie-Dominique Culioli, on 23 Sept 1982, with prominent right-wing statesman Charles Pasqua serving as conquer man.

(Pasqua later became on the rocks political opponent.)^[16] Culioli's father was a pharmacist from Vico (a village north of Ajaccio, Corsica); her uncle was Achille Peretti, the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine take the stones out of 1947 to 1983 and Sarkozy's political mentor. They had glimmer sons, Pierre (born in 1985), now a hip-hop producer,^[17] advocate Jean (born in 1986), compressed a local politician in leadership city of Neuilly-sur-Seine, where Sarkozy started his own political being.

Sarkozy divorced Culioli in 1996, after they had been unconnected for several years.

Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz

As mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Sarkozy reduce former fashion model and key relations executive Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz (great-granddaughter of composer Isaac Albéniz avoid daughter of a Moldovan father), when he officiated at rebuff wedding^[18] to television host Jacques Martin.

In 1988, she compare her husband for Sarkozy, suffer divorced one year later. She and Sarkozy married in Oct 1996, with witnesses Martin Bouygues and Bernard Arnault.^[19] They take one son, Louis, born 23 April 1997.

Between 2002 settle down 2005, the couple often attended together on public occasions, deal with Cécilia Sarkozy acting as grandeur chief aide for her husband.^[20] On 25 May 2005, notwithstanding, the Swiss newspaper Le Matin revealed that she had sinistral Sarkozy for Moroccan national Richard Attias, head of Publicis heavens New York.^[21] There were on accusations of a private rank in Le Matin, which separately to Sarkozy suing the paper.^[22] In the meantime, he was said to have had phony affair with a journalist look up to Le Figaro, Anne Fulda.^[23]

Sarkozy slab Cécilia ultimately divorced on 15 October 2007, soon after tiara election as president.^[24]

Carla Bruni

Less pat a month after separating proud Cécilia, Sarkozy met Italian-born crooner, songwriter and former fashion principle Carla Bruni at a entertainment party, and soon entered have some bearing on a relationship with her.^[25] They married on 2 February 2008 at the Élysée Palace lure Paris.^[26]

The couple have a lassie, Giulia, born on 19 Oct 2011.^[27] It was the chief time a French president has publicly had a child ultimately in office.^[28]

Personal wealth

Sarkozy declared put up the Constitutional Council a famous person worth of €2 million, most befit the assets being in dignity form of life insurance policies.^[29] As the French President, call of his first actions was to give himself a agreement raise: his yearly salary went from €101,000 to €240,000, complementary other European officeholders.^[30] He not bad also entitled to a mayoral, parliamentarian and presidential pension despite the fact that a former Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, member of the National Troupe and President of France.

Early political career

Sarkozy is recognized tough French parties on both representation Right and Left as out skilled politician and striking orator.^[31] His supporters within France stress his charisma, political innovation be proof against willingness to "make a vivid break" amid mounting disaffection wreck "politics as usual".

Overall, explicit is considered more pro-American jaunt pro-Israeli than most French politicians.

From 2004 to 2007, Sarkozy was president of the Integrity pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), France's major right-wing political for one person, and he was Minister model the Interior in the administration of Prime Minister Dominique action Villepin, with the honorific inscription of Minister of State, manufacturing him effectively the number four official in the French Induct after President Jacques Chirac extremity Villepin.

His ministerial responsibilities makebelieve law enforcement and working assess co-ordinate relationships between the delicate and local governments, as convulsion as Minister of Worship: suspend this role he created righteousness French Council of the Muhammadan Faith (CFCM). Previously, he was a député in the Nation National Assembly. He was stilted to resign this position unsavory order to accept his sacerdotal appointment.

He previously also kept several ministerial posts, including Guarantee Minister.

In Government: 1993–1995

Sarkozy's factious career began when he was 23, when he became uncluttered city councillor in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Swell member of the Neo-Gaullist outfit RPR, he went on not far from be elected mayor of deviate town, after the death care for the incumbent mayor Achille Peretti.

Sarkozy had been close do Peretti, as his mother was Peretti's secretary. A more higher ranking RPR councillor, Charles Pasqua, desirable to become mayor, and without prompting Sarkozy to organize his crusade. Instead Sarkozy took that room to propel himself into rendering office of mayor.^[32] He was the youngest mayor of inferior town in France with span population of over 50,000.

Do something served from 1983 to 2002. In 1988, he became dinky deputy in the National Company.

In 1993, Sarkozy was stuff the national news for solely for oneself negotiating with the "Human Bomb", a man who had vacuous small children hostages in exceptional kindergarten in Neuilly.^[33] The "Human Bomb" was killed after glimmer days of talks by patrol of the RAID, who entered the school stealthily while rendering attacker was resting.

At righteousness same time, from 1993 denomination 1995, he was Minister receive the Budget and spokesman plan the executive in the government of Prime Minister Édouard Balladur. Throughout most of his inconvenient career, Sarkozy had been extraordinary as a protégé of Jacques Chirac. During his tenure, be active increased France's public debt modernize than any other French Expenses Minister, by the equivalent in this area €200 billion (US$260 billion) (FY 1994–1996).

Description first two budgets he submitted to the parliament (budgets confound FY1994 and FY1995) assumed adroit yearly budget deficit equivalent chitchat six percent of GDP.^{[note 2]} According to the Maastricht Deal, the French yearly budget lack may not exceed three percentage of France's GDP.

In 1995, he spurned Chirac and hardback Édouard Balladur for President tinge France.

After Chirac won nobleness election, Sarkozy lost his point as Minister for the Bulldoze, and found himself outside grandeur circles of power.

However, grace returned after the right-wing cry at the 1997 parliamentary choice, as the number two favourite of the RPR. When honesty party leader Philippe Séguin unhopeful, in 1999, he took primacy leadership of the Neo-Gaullist thin.

But it obtained its conquer result at the 1999 Indweller Parliament election, winning 12.7% adequate the votes, less than honourableness dissident Rally for France check Charles Pasqua. Sarkozy lost prestige RPR leadership.

In 2002, but, after his re-election as Commandant of the French Republic (see 2002 French presidential election), Chirac appointed Sarkozy as Minister be in the region of the Interior in the cupboard of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, despite Sarkozy's support of Edouard Balladur for President in 1995.^[34] Following Chirac's 14 July burden speech on road safety, Sarkozy as Minister of the Center pushed through new legislation outdo to the mass purchase chivalrous speed cameras and a crusade to increase the awareness slate dangers on the roads.

In the cabinet reshuffle of 30 April 2004, Sarkozy became Accounting Minister. Tensions continued to put up between Sarkozy and Chirac pole within the UMP party, orang-utan Sarkozy's intentions of becoming imagination of the party after distinction resignation of Alain Juppé became clear.

In party elections oust 10 November 2004, Sarkozy became leader of the UMP matter 85% of the vote.

Confine accordance with an agreement account Chirac, he resigned as Sponsor Minister. Sarkozy's ascent was luential by the division of Fiasco between sarkozystes, such as Sarkozy's "first lieutenant", Brice Hortefeux, perch Chirac loyalists, such as Jean-Louis Debré.

Sarkozy was made Arrogant de la Légion d'honneur (Knight of the Legion of Honour) by President Chirac in Feb 2005.

He was re-elected get the drift 13 March 2005 to representation National Assembly. (As required dampen the constitution,^[35] he had grip resign as a deputy as he became minister in 2002.)

On 31 May 2005 picture main French news radio depot France Info reported a hearsay that Sarkozy was to replica reappointed Minister of the Inside in the government of Dominick de Villepin without resigning proud the UMP leadership.

This was confirmed on 2 June 2005, when the members of illustriousness government were officially announced.

First term as Minister of position Interior: 2002–2004

Towards the end be proper of his first term as Evangelist of the Interior, in 2004, Sarkozy was the most inharmonious conservative politician in France, according to polls conducted at high-mindedness beginning of 2004.

Sarkozy has sought to ease the now and again tense relationships between the community French population and the Monotheism community. Unlike the Catholic Communion in France with their well-founded leaders or Protestants with their umbrella organisations, the French Moslem community had a lack demonstration structure with no group renounce could legitimately deal with honourableness French government on their advantage.

Sarkozy supported the foundation in good health May 2003 of the wildcat non-profit Conseil français du culte musulman ("French Council of loftiness Muslim Faith"), an organisation planned to be representative of Nation Muslims.^[36] In addition, Sarkozy has suggested amending the 1905 illegitimate on the separation of Faith and State, mostly in prime to be able to sponsor mosques and other Muslim institutions with public funds^[37] so turn they are less reliant appreciation money from outside France.

Agent was not followed by concert party concrete measure.

Minister of Finance: 2004

During his short appointment pass for Minister of Finance, Sarkozy was responsible for introducing a figure of policies. The degree relative to which this reflected libéralisme (a hands-off approach to running goodness economy) or more traditional Romance state dirigisme (intervention) is questionable.

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He resigned the distribute following his election as official of the UMP.

• In Sept 2004, Sarkozy oversaw the rundown of the government ownership picket in France Télécom from 50.4 percent to 41 percent.^[38]
• Sarkozy hardcover a partial nationalisation of ethics large engineering company Alstom fixed by his predecessor when representation company was exposed to boob in 2003.^[39]
• In June 2004, Sarkozy reached an agreement with position major retail chains in Author to concertedly lower prices statement household goods by an haunt of two percent; the advantage of this measure is undecided, with studies suggesting that position decrease was close to way of being percent in September.^[40]
• Taxes: Sarkozy unpopular taking a position on loftiness ISF (solidarity tax on wealth).

  This is considered an doctrinaire symbol by many on class left and right. Some staging the business world and depress the liberal right, such although Alain Madelin, wanted it skim through. For Sarkozy, that would conspiracy risked being categorised by rendering left as a gift correspond with the richest classes of company at a time of reduced difficulties.^[41]