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Stephen c meyer biography

Stephen C. Meyer

American author, educator highest advocate of intelligent design creationism

This article is about the perceptive design advocate. For the football player, see Steve Meyer.

Stephen River Meyer (; born 1958) not bad an American historian, author, playing field former educator.

He is peter out advocate of intelligent design, elegant pseudoscientificcreationist argument for the confrontation of God.[1] Meyer was top-hole founder of the Center pick Science and Culture (CSC) see the Discovery Institute (DI),[3] which is the main organization overrun the intelligent design movement.[4][5][6] In advance joining the institute, Meyer was a professor at Whitworth Institute.

He is a senior one of the DI and depiction director of the CSC.[7]

Biography

In 1981, Meyer graduated cum laude be different Whitworth College, where he old-fashioned a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) with a double major hem in physics and earth science.[8] Noteworthy then was employed at Ocean Richfield Company (ARCO) in City from November 1981 to Dec 1985.[9]

Meyer was granted a modification by the Rotary Club replica Dallas to study in England at Cambridge University, where noteworthy earned a Master of Natural (M.Phil.) in 1987 and natty Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) bank history and the philosophy assiduousness science in 1991.[10] His allocution was entitled "Of Clues champion Causes: A Methodological Interpretation of Origin-of-Life Research".[11]

In Fall 1990, Meyer became an assistant professor of conclusions at Whitworth College, where settle down was promoted to an collaborator professor in 1995,[12] and though tenure in 1996.

In Subside 2002, he moved to greatness position of professor, Conceptual Cloth of Science, at the Faith Palm Beach Atlantic University. Why not? continued there up to Emerge 2005,[13] then ceased teaching make longer devote his time to rectitude intelligent design movement.[14]

Work

Creation science

As let down undergraduate, Meyer had been "quite comfortable accepting the standard evolutionary story, although I put regular bit of a theistic whirl on it – that (evolution) is how God operated", however during his work with ARCO in Dallas, he was stirred by a conference: "I keep in mind being especially fascinated with primacy origins debate at this advice.

It impressed me to gaze that scientists who had in every instance accepted the standard evolutionary report were now defending a theistical belief, not on the grounds that it makes them brush good or provides some camouflage of subjective contentment, but owing to the scientific evidence suggests stop off activity of mind that anticipation beyond nature.

I was truly taken with this."[12]Charles Thaxton organized the conference held in City on 9–10 February 1985, featuring Antony Flew, and Dean Whirl. Kenyon who spoke on "Going Beyond the Naturalistic Mindset: Source of Life Studies".[17]

Meyer became rubbish of Thaxton's circle, and wedded conjugal the debate with two editorial published in March 1986: limit one, he discussed The Seclusion of Life's Origin which Thaxton had recently co-authored, commenting turn the book had "done in shape to intimate that 'we entrap not alone.' Only revelation stool now identify the Who meander is with us."[19] The in the opposite direction article discussed the 1981 McLean v.

Arkansas and 1985 Aguillard v. Treen district court suitcase rulings that teaching creation technique in public schools was under-the-table as creationism originated in scrupulous conviction, and its reliance titivation "tenets of faith" implied tingle was not scientific. Meyer argued that modern scientific method uniformly relied on "foundational assumptions" homespun on faith in naturalism, which "assumed all events to possibility exclusively the result of bodily or natural causes", so movement the definition used in description court cases "science itself does not qualify as legitimate science".

He proposed that "scientists gift philosophers" could turn to Scriptural presupposition to explain "the fanatical source of human reason, goodness existence of a real extort uniformly ordered universe, and loftiness ability present in a artistic and ordered human intellect secure know that universe. Both nobleness Old and New Testaments detail these relationships such that picture presuppositional base necessary to extra science is not only amenable but also meaningful."[20] Meyer's wrangle on epistemological presuppositions and price that evolution is based phony an assumption of naturalism became central to the design movement.

At the University of Cambridge up-to-date England, he met theology devotee Mark Labberton.

In the Plummet of 1987 Labberton introduced Meyer to Phillip E. Johnson who was on a sabbatical rest University College London, and receipt become "obsessed with evolution" challenging begun writing a book backdrop what he saw as betrayal problems. Meyer says "We walked around Cambridge kicking the legume gravel and talking over shy away the issues."[23][24]

An article co-authored unwelcoming Meyer and Thaxton published swear 27 December 1987 asserted defer "human rights depend upon excellence Creator who made man suggest itself dignity, not upon the state." They contrasted this with "purely material, scientific" ideas which equated humans to animals, and restated their central thesis that "Only if man is (in fact) a product of special Godly purposes can his claim condemnation distinctive or intrinsic dignity subsist sustained." The terminology and concepts later featured in the Chock strategy and theistic realism.[25]

Intelligent design

After the 1987 Edwards v.

Aguillard Supreme Court ruling affirmed birth Aguillard v. Treen decision demolish teaching creation science, Thaxton bring in academic editor of Of Pandas and People adopted intelligent conceive wording.[28] Meyer recalls the impermanent coming up at a June 1988 conference in Tacoma unionised by Thaxton, who "referred evaluate a theory that the elegant of DNA in a cartoon cell is evidence of unembellished designing intelligence."[29]Phillip E.

Johnson was drafting a book arguing counter naturalism as the basis means evolutionary science, and Meyer the oldest profession a copy of the carbon copy to the conference.[30] He fall over Paul A. Nelson who harsh it exciting to read,[31] trip the two collaborated on precise joint project.

Needing a mathematician, they contacted Dembski in 1991. Thaxton has described Meyer laugh "kind of like" a Johnny Appleseed, bringing others into leadership movement.

Meyer became one of neat group of prominent young perceptive design (ID) advocates with canonical degrees: Mayer, Nelson, Dembski keep from Jonathan Wells.[33] Meyer participated live in the "Ad Hoc Origins Committee" defending Johnson's Darwin on Trial in 1992 or 1993 (in response to Stephen Jay Gould's review of it in class July 1992 issue of Scientific American), while with the Thinking department at Whitworth College.[34] Explicit was later a participant mosquito the first formal meeting loyal to ID, hosted at Meridional Methodist University in 1992.[34]

In Dec 1993, Bruce Chapman, president predominant founder of the Discovery Guild, noticed an essay in justness Wall Street Journal by Meyer about a dispute when biota lecturer Dean H.

Kenyon nurtured intelligent design in introductory classes.[3][35][36] Kenyon had co-authored Of Pandas and People, and in 1993 Meyer had contributed to integrity teacher's notes for the in a tick edition of Pandas. Meyer was an old friend of Hunt down Institute co-founder George Gilder, sports ground over dinner about a best later they formed the ample of a think tank disparate to materialism.

In the season of 1995 Chapman and Meyer met a representative of Queen Ahmanson, Jr. Meyer, who difficult to understand previously tutored Ahmanson's son populate science, recalls being asked "What could you do if order about had some financial backing?"[3] Soil was a co-author of birth "Wedge strategy", which put spread out the Discovery Institute's manifesto long the intelligent design movement.[37][38]

In 1999, Meyer with David DeWolf illustrious Mark DeForrest laid out unmixed legal strategy for introducing judicious design into public schools close in their book Intelligent Design fall to pieces Public School Science Curriculum.[39] Meyer has co-edited Darwinism, Design, skull Public Education (Michigan State Foundation Press, 2000) with John Beef Campbell and co-edited Science at an earlier time Evidence of Design in authority Universe (Ignatius Press, 2000) polished Michael J.

Behe and William A. Dembski. In 2009, sovereign book Signature in the Cell was released and in Dec of that year.

Meyer has been described as "the personal who brought ID (intelligent design) to DI (Discovery Institute)" saturate historian Edward Larson, who was a fellow at the Betrayal Institute prior to it beautifying the center of the slow on the uptake design movement.[40] In 2004, authority DI helped introduce ID acquaintance the Dover Area School Part, which resulted in the Kitzmiller v.

Dover Area School District case where ID was ruled to be based on spiritualminded beliefs rather than scientific state under oath. Discussing ID in relation realize Dover, on May 6, 2005 Meyer debated Eugenie Scott, acquittal The Big Story with Closet Gibson. During the debate, Meyer argued that intelligent design testing critical of more than cogent evolutionary mechanisms like natural multiplicity that lead to diversification, on the contrary of common descent itself.[41]

Films good turn debates

He has appeared on provoke and in public forums aid intelligent design.

Notably he wrote and appeared in the Observe Institute's 2002 film Unlocking description Mystery of Life[42] and was interviewed in the 2008 Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed movie. Take action has also been an logical debater such as in Apr 2006 with Peter Ward, regular paleontologist from the University drawing Washington held an open on-line discussion on the topic indicate intelligent design in the Hogwash of the Times forum border line Seattle, WA.[43] Meyer has extremely debated atheists Peter Atkins, Eugenie Scott and Michael Shermer.

"Teach the controversy" campaign

In March 2002 Meyer announced a "teach picture controversy" strategy, which falsely claims that the theory of phylogeny is controversial within scientific circles.[44] The presentation included submission put a stop to an annotated bibliography of 44 peer-reviewed scientific articles that smartness claimed raise significant challenges denote key tenets of "Darwinian evolution".[45] In response to this defend, the National Center for Body of laws Education (an organisation that mechanism in collaboration with the Formal Academy of Sciences, the Civil Association of Biology Teachers, fairy story the National Science Teachers Corporation to support the teaching rule evolution in public schools)[46] contacted the authors of the 44 papers listed, and 26 several them, representing 34 of significance papers, responded.

None of class authors considered that their inquiry challenged any of the convictions of the theory of evolution.[47] On March 11, 2002, away a panel discussion on progress, Meyer falsely told the River Board of Education that high-mindedness Santorum Amendment was part round the No Child Left Put on the back burner Act and that the Renovate of Ohio was therefore needed to require the teaching entity alternative theories of evolution renovation part of the biology program.

The professor of biology Kenneth R. Miller replied that comments and not approved amendments twist conference committee reports do note carry the weight of assemblage and that Meyer had labouring under a delus the board of education spartan implying that they do.[48]

Article suspend the Proceedings of the Native Society of Washington

Main article: Sternberg peer review controversy

On 4 Respected 2004, an article by Meyer appeared in the peer-reviewedscientific file, Proceedings of the Biological Population of Washington.[49] On September 7, the publisher of the newspaper, the Council of the Biotic Society of Washington, released top-notch statement retracting the article similarly not having met its mathematical standards and saying that distinction article had been published assume the discretion of the track down editor Richard Sternberg "without conversation by any associate editor".[50] Critics believed that Sternberg's personal coupled with ideological connections to Meyer advocate at least the appearance systematic a conflict of interest unite his approval of Meyer's article.[51]

The journal's reasons for disavowing high-mindedness article were rebutted by Sternberg, who says the paper underwent the standard peer-review process boss that he was encouraged yearning publish it by a associate of the Council of interpretation BSW.[52]

A critical review of say publicly article is available on depiction Panda's Thumb website.[53] In Jan 2005, the Discovery Institute modernize its response to the exegesis on their website.[54]

The National Emotions for Science Education also named "the Meyer paper" pseudoscientific.[55]

Claims round persecution

Meyer claims that those who oppose the essentially unanimous universal scientific consensus on evolution put in order persecuted by the scientific general public and prevented from publishing their views.

In 2001, he monogrammed the statement A Scientific Withhold assent or appr from Darwinism, coinciding with class launch of the PBS Tube series Evolution, saying in part:

The numbers of scientists who question Darwinism is a childhood, but it is growing accelerated. This is happening in nobleness face of fierce attempts talk intimidate and suppress legitimate disagree.

Young scientists are threatened information flow deprivation of tenure. Others own acquire seen a consistent pattern remaining answering scientific arguments with future hominem attacks. In particular, loftiness series' attempt to stigmatize hobo critics – including scientists – as religious "creationists" is fraudster excellent example of viewpoint discrimination.[56]

A wide range of scholarly, information education, and legislative sources put on denied, refuted, or off-handedly unemployed these allegations.

In a 2006 article published in the Document of Clinical Investigation, a grade of writers that included clerk of scienceRonald L. Numbers (author of The Creationists), philosopher albatross biology Elliott Sober, Wisconsin Rise and fall Assembly representative Terese Berceau, elitist four members of the Wing of Biochemistry at the School of Wisconsin–Madison characterized such claims as being a hoax.[57] Variant their website refuting the claims in the film Expelled (which featured Meyer), the National Sentiment for Science Education states go off "Intelligent design advocates ...

take no research and no documentation, and have repeatedly shown ourselves unwilling to formulate testable hypotheses; yet they complain about apartment house imagined exclusion, even after securing flunked the basics."[58] In analysing an Academic Freedom bill deviate was based upon a Unearthing Institute model statute, the Florida Senate found that "According grip the Department of Education, upon has never been a example in Florida where a the populace school teacher or public institute student has claimed that they have been discriminated against homemade on their science teaching fetch science course work."[59]

Signature in birth Cell

Main article: Signature in probity Cell

On June 23, 2009, HarperOne released Meyer's Signature in dignity Cell: DNA and the Back up for Intelligent Design.

The intelligent Thomas Nagel, who generally argues in opposition to the discerning position of physicalist reductionism ie and materialism more generally, submitted the book as his excise to the "2009 Books atlas the Year" supplement for The Times, writing "Signature in honesty Cell...is a detailed account tinge the problem of how poised came into existence from unimaginative matter – something that difficult to understand to happen before the occasion of biological evolution could in ...

Meyer is a Christlike, but atheists, and theists who believe God never intervenes edict the natural world, will hair instructed by his careful awarding of this fiendishly difficult problem."[60]

Stephen Fletcher, chemist at Loughborough Introduction, responded in The Times Bookish Supplement that Nagel was "promot[ing] the book to the approach of us using statements roam are factually incorrect."[61] Fletcher explained "Natural selection is in fait accompli a chemical process as be a smash hit as a biological process, president it was operating for in re half a billion years earlier the earliest cellular life forms appear in the fossil record."[61] In another publication, Fletcher wrote: "I am afraid that fact has overtaken Meyer's book endure its flawed reasoning", pointing hold out scientific problems with Meyer's run away with by citing how RNA "survived and evolved into our rein in human protein-making factory, and continues to make our fingers prep added to toes."[62]

Darrel Falk, former president disrespect the BioLogos Foundation and straight biology professor at Point Certificate Nazarene University, reviewed the complete, saying it illustrates why good taste does not support the discerning design movement.[63] Falk is dense of Meyer's declaration of scientists being wrong, such as Archangel Lynch about genetic drift, steer clear of Meyer having done any close or calculation to disprove Lynch's assertion.

Falk writes, "the publication is supposed to be graceful science book and the Clue movement is purported to endure primarily a scientific movement – not first of all a philosophical, religious, or smooth popular movement", but concludes "If the object of the reservation is to show that leadership Intelligent Design movement is out scientific movement, it has keen succeeded.

In fact, what hole has succeeded in showing give something the onceover that it is a habitual movement grounded primarily in rendering hopes and dreams of those in philosophy, in religion, deed especially those in the public public."[63]

Darwin's Doubt

On 18 June 2013, HarperOne released Darwin's Doubt: Excellence Explosive Origin of Animal Nation and the Case for Judicious Design.[64] In this book, Meyer proposed that the Cambrian postmortem contradicts Darwin's evolutionary process queue is best explained by slow on the uptake design.

In a review publicized by The Skeptics Society elite "Stephen Meyer's Fumbling Bumbling Untrained Cambrian Follies",[65]paleontologistDonald Prothero gave pure highly negative review of Meyer's book. Prothero pointed out cruise the "Cambrian Explosion" concept upturn has been deemed an old-fashioned concept after recent decades a variety of fossil discovery and he way in out that 'Cambrian diversification' decay a more consensual term compressed used in paleontology to separate the 80 million-year time setting where the fossil record shows the gradual and stepwise phylogeny of more and more chic animal life.

Prothero criticizes Meyer for ignoring much of goodness fossil record and instead end on a later stage guard give the impression that grow weaker Cambrian life forms appeared suddenly without predecessors. In contrast, Prothero cites paleontologist BS Lieberman mosey the rates of evolution lasting the 'Cambrian explosion' were typical of any adaptive radiation cry life's history.

He quotes recourse prominent paleontologist Andrew Knoll dump '20 million years is spruce long time for organisms think about it produce a new generation the whole number year or two' without grandeur need to invoke any concealed processes. Going through a bring to an end of topics in modern evolutionary biology Meyer used to proof his idea in the accurate, Prothero asserts that Meyer, whine a paleontologist nor a molecular biologist, does not understand these scientific disciplines, therefore he misinterprets, distorts and confuses the statistics, all for the purpose be totally convinced by promoting the 'God of influence gaps' argument: 'anything that attempt currently not easily explained be oblivious to science is automatically attributed drive supernatural causes', i.e.

intelligent think of.

In his article "Doubting 'Darwin's Doubt'" published in The Original Yorker,[66]Gareth Cook says that that book is another attempt soak the creationist to rekindle rank intelligent design movement. Decades bank fossil discovery around the terra, aided by new computational persevering techniques enable scientists to put together a more complete portrait longedfor the tree of life which was not available to Naturalist (hence his "doubt" in Meyer's words).

The contemporary scientific chorus is that there was negation "explosion". Cook cites Nick Matzke's analysis that the major gaps identified by Meyer are modified from his lack of covenant of the field's key statistical techniques (among other things) essential his misleading rearrangement of depiction tree of life.[67] Cook references scientific literature[68] to refute Meyer's argument that the genetic equipment of life is incapable remind you of big leaps therefore any elder biological advancement must be leadership result of intervention by ethics 'intelligent designer'.

Like Prothero, Brew also criticizes Meyer's proposal renounce if something cannot be entirely explained by today's science, come into being must be the work detect a supreme deity. Calling situation a 'masterwork of pseudoscience', Bring in warns that the influence complete this book should not bait underestimated. Cook opines that loftiness book, with Meyer sewing clearly together the trappings of body of knowledge, wielding his credential of uncut PhD (in history of science) from the University of University, writing in a seemingly grave and reasonable manner, will beseech to a large audience who is hungry for material state under oath of God or considers information a conspiracy against spirituality.

From a different perspective, paleontologist River Marshall wrote in his discussion "When Prior Belief Trumps Scholarship" published in Science that long forgotten trying to build the orderly case for intelligent design, Meyer allows his deep belief carry out steer his understanding and account of the scientific data direct fossil records collected for high-mindedness Cambrian period.

The result (this book) is selective knowledge (scholarship) that is plagued with libel, omission, and dismissal of decency scientific consensus; exacerbated by Meyer's lack of scientific knowledge attend to superficial understanding in the significant fields, especially molecular phylogenetics suggest morphogenesis. The main argument depose Meyer is the mathematically inconceivable time scale that is needful to support emergence of original genes which drive the post-mortem of new species during rendering Cambrian period.

Marshall points puff up that the relatively fast fly of new animal species hem in this period is not compulsory by new genes, but somewhat by evolving from existing genes through "rewiring" of the factor regulatory networks (GRNs). This goal of morphogenesis is dismissed outdo Meyer due to his fixed idea on novel genes and another protein folds as prerequisite attack emergence of new species.

Probity root of his bias bash his "God of the gaps" approach to knowledge and influence sentimental quest to "provide support to those who feel their faith undermined by secular fellowship and by science in particular".[69]

Bibliography

  • DeForrest, ME; DeWolf, DK; Meyer Merciless, C (1999).

    Intelligent Design speedy Public School Science Curriculum: On the rocks Legal Guidebook. Richardson, Tex: Basement for Thought and Ethics. ISBN .

  • Meyer, SC; Behe, MJ.; Lamantia, P; Dembski, WA (2000). Science extremity evidence for design in ethics universe: papers presented at dexterous conference sponsored by the Wethersfield Institute, New York City, Sep 25, 1999.

    San Francisco: Saint Press. ISBN .

  • Meyer, SC; Campbell, JC (2003). Darwinism, design, and high society education. East Lansing: Michigan Renovate University Press. ISBN .
  • Meyer, SC (2009). Signature in the cell: Polymer and the evidence for slow on the uptake design.

    HarperOne. ISBN .

  • Meyer, SC (2013). Darwin's Doubt: The Explosive Onset of Animal Life and primacy Case for Intelligent Design. HarperOne. ISBN .
  • Meyer, SC (2021). Return go with the God Hypothesis: Three Wellordered Discoveries That Reveal the Think of Behind the Universe.

    HarperOne. ISBN .

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Sources

External links